Swimming ability of eels (Anguilla rostrata, Conger oceanicus) at estuarine ingress: contrasting patterns of cross-shelf transport?

Wuenschel, Mark J.; Able, Kenneth W.

doi:10.1007/s00227-008-0970-7

Cited by 56 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…These are the same depths where marine snow particles are most abundant (Alldredge and Silver 1988;Hebel and Karl 2001). They appear to be at least generally competent swimmers according to swimming trials of conger eel leptocephali (Wuenschel and Able 2008), video observations of marine eel leptocephali in the ocean (Miller et al , 2013c, and observations of artificially spawned and reared A. japonica leptocephali ). They seem to be well-adapted to avoid large midwater trawls during the day using their swimming abilities (Miller et al 2013b), but how they may use their swimming abilities will be discussed later.…”

Section: Biology and Ecology Of Anguillid Leptocephalimentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Anguillid larval durations appear to range from about 3-4 months in some tropical species to more than a year in the European eel (Bonhommeau et al 2010;Kuroki et al 2014;Miller et al 2015a). After their larval feeding and growth stage, they seem to begin metamorphosis into glass eels as they approach continental shelves (Tesch 2003;Otake et al 2006;Miller 2009) and then enter coastal waters as fully transformed glass eels, which is in contrast with conger eels that enter coastal waters as leptocephali after spawning occurs offshore (Wuenschel and Able 2008;Miller et al 2011b).…”

Section: Biology and Ecology Of Anguillid Leptocephalimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ecology of oceanic dispersal and survival of anguillid leptocephali

Miller

Tsukamoto

2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Recruitment declines of anguillid eels are difficult to understand because both anthropogenic impacts on juveniles and adults and oceanic changes affecting larval survival or dispersal may be contributing. Anguillid larvae may passively disperse widely from offshore spawning areas but late-stage larvae or glass eels apparently must swim directionally to reach recruitment habitats. Their long larval durations vary among tropical (ϳ3-4 months) and temperate species (5 months to >1 year). The bodies of anguillid leptocephali are filled with transparent gelatinous material, possibly reducing predation rates and providing an energy reserve for swimming and metamorphosis. Leptocephali feed on marine snow making their first-feeding success linked to primary producers contributing to marine snow production. Alternations between ubiquitous cyanobacteria dominating in low-nutrient conditions and eukaryotic phytoplankton such as diatoms that are important for marine snow production dominating in high-nutrient conditions may influence early-larval survival at first-feeding due to many eggs simultaneously hatching within sympatric spawning areas. Fewer spawning eels resulting from population reductions and variations in early-larval survival may offer some explanations for lower and fluctuating recruitment in recent decades.Résumé : Les baisses du recrutement d'anguillidés sont difficiles à comprendre parce que des impacts de l'activité humaine sur les juvéniles et les adultes et des changements océaniques influant sur la survie et la dispersion des larves pourraient y participer. Les larves d'anguillidés peuvent se disperser largement de manière passive à partir de lieux de frai au large, mais les larves tardives ou les civelles doivent apparemment nager de manière directionnelle pour atteindre les habitats de recrutement. Leurs longues périodes larvaires sont différentes pour les espèces de climat tropical (de 3 à 4 mois) et tempéré (de 5 mois à >1 an). Les corps de leptocéphales d'anguillidés sont remplis d'une matière gélatineuse transparente, ce qui réduit possiblement les taux de prédation et fournit une réserve d'énergie pour la nage et la métamorphose. Les leptocéphales se nourrissent de neige marine, de sorte que la réussite après la résorption est reliée aux producteurs primaires qui contribuent à la production de neige marine. Des alternances de cyanobactéries ubiquistes dominantes dans des conditions pauvres en nutriments et de phytoplancton eucaryote comme des diatomées, importantes pour la production de neige marine, dominant dans des conditions riches en nutriments pourraient influencer la survie précoce des larves après la résorption en raison des nombreux oeufs qui éclosent simultanément dans des lieux de frai sympatriques. La baisse du nombre d'anguilles reproductrices découlant de la réduction des populations et des variations de la survie précoce des larves pourrait constituer une piste pour expliquer le recrutement plus faible et variable des récentes décennies. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Biology and Ecology Of Anguillid Leptocephalimentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Biology and Ecology Of Anguillid Leptocephalimentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of oceanic dispersal and survival of anguillid leptocephali

Miller

Tsukamoto

2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…Moreover, the center of the synthetic multilocus latitudinal cline coincided with the region where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream drift away from the coasts. Although the American eel occupies a wide latitudinal range, its thermal preferendum is rather elevated for the temperate zone, since glass eels have a highly reduced swimming ability below 7° (Wuenschel and Able 2008), elvers optimally grow at 28° , and yellow eels stop feeding and become metabolically depressed below 10° ( Walsh et al 1983). Therefore, selective effects are logically expected at the relatively low temperatures locally encountered between metamorphosis and recruitment to estuaries, although phenotypic plasticity may also account for the wide range of temperature tolerance in A. rostrata (Daverat et al 2006).…”

Section: Implications For Adaptation and Conservation Of American Eelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Consequences of Spatially Varying Selection in the Panmictic American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

et al. 2012

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Our understanding of the genetic basis of local adaptation has recently benefited from the increased power to identify functional variants associated with environmental variables at the genome scale. However, it often remains challenging to determine whether locally adaptive alleles are actively maintained at intermediate frequencies by spatially varying selection. Here, we evaluate the extent to which this particular type of balancing selection explains the retention of adaptive genetic variation in the extreme situation of perfect panmixia, using the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) as a model. We first conducted a genome scan between two samples from opposite ends of a latitudinal environmental gradient using 454 sequencing of individually tagged cDNA libraries. Candidate SNPs were then genotyped in 992 individuals from 16 sampling sites at different life stages of the same cohort (including larvae from the Sargasso Sea, glass eels, and 1-year-old individuals) as well as in glass eels of the following cohort. Evidence for spatially varying selection was found at 13 loci showing correlations between allele frequencies and environmental variables across the entire species range. Simulations under a multiple-niche Levene's model using estimated relative fitness values among genotypes rarely predicted a stable polymorphic equilibrium at these loci. Our results suggest that some genetic-by-environment interactions detected in our study arise during the progress toward fixation of a globally advantageous allele with spatially variable effects on fitness.

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“…2.8 cm s -1 within about 30 min from dusk. Faster swimming speeds are also possible for these leptocephali, as has been observed recently for largersized leptocephali and glass eels of 2 species of eels in the Atlantic Ocean that were tested in the laboratory (Wuenschel & Able 2008). A positive buoyancy of leptocephali (Tsukamoto et al 2009) may tend to accelerate the ascending speed and reduce the diving speed.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Diel Vertical Migrationmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Behavioral studies of leptocephali have been extremely limited, since these fragile larvae are easily damaged during net sampling and previous researchers have thus rarely had the opportunity to observe the behaviors of live leptocephali. Leptocephali caught in coastal waters are usually more adaptable to transport to the laboratory for at least short periods of observation, so a few studies have been done on feeding behavior (Mochioka et al 1993) and swimming ability (Wuenschel & Able 2008). Recently, however, Tanaka et al (2003) succeeded in rearing leptocephali through their larval developmental stages and into glass eels from fertilized eggs obtained from artificially matured adult eels.…”

Section: Abstract: Fish Larvae · Phototaxis · Vertical Migration · Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic changes in phototactic behavior during metamorphosis of artificially reared Japanese eel Anguilla japonica larvae

Yamada¹,

Okamura²,

Mikawa³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Swimming ability of eels (Anguilla rostrata, Conger oceanicus) at estuarine ingress: contrasting patterns of cross-shelf transport?

Cited by 56 publications

References 60 publications

The ecology of oceanic dispersal and survival of anguillid leptocephali

The ecology of oceanic dispersal and survival of anguillid leptocephali

The Genetic Consequences of Spatially Varying Selection in the Panmictic American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

Ontogenetic changes in phototactic behavior during metamorphosis of artificially reared Japanese eel Anguilla japonica larvae

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