Swept-wavelength mid-infrared fiber laser for real-time ammonia gas sensing

Woodward, Robert I.; Majewski, Matthew R.; Hudson, Darren D.; Jackson, Stuart D.

doi:10.1063/1.5065415

Cited by 71 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The emergence of dysprosium lasers will also open new optical applications. For example, the broad emission cross section of the 3 µm transition has already been exploited to develop a swept‐wavelength laser for real‐time sensing, since Dy 3 + 's emission range spans a number of important functional groups (e.g., OH, NH, CH moieties). Further sensing technologies could be expected from operation at longer wavelength, for example, near CO 2 absorption at 4.2 µm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wavelength sweeping via angle tuning of a bulk diffraction grating can be electronically controlled by a motorized rotation stage for example, yet a substantial improvement in sweep speed is found alternatively with the use of an acousto‐optic tunable filter (AOTF) . The first order diffraction from an AOTF is narrowband with a center frequency determined by the applied radio frequency (RF) drive signal to the acousto‐optic crystal.…”

Section: Laser Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swept wavelength Dy:ZBLAN fiber laser and ammonia (NH 3 ) real‐time gas sensing as demonstrated in ref. [] ; a) layout of the swept wavelength source based on AOTF tuning, b) balanced detection gas sensing setup, c) processed data mapping time to wavelength clearly resolving multiple ro‐vibrational NH 3 features.…”

Section: Laser Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dysprosium Mid‐Infrared Lasers: Current Status and Future Prospects

Woodward

Majewski

Jackson

2020

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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With growing interest in the mid‐infrared spectral region, dysprosium has recently been revisited for efficient high‐performance infrared source development. Despite historically receiving less attention than other rare earth ions, in recent years lasers utilizing the dysprosium ion as the laser material have set record mid‐infrared performance, including tunability from 2.8 to 3:4 µm (in addition to 4:3 µm lasing), continuous wave powers exceeding 10 W, greater than 73% slope efficiencies, and even ultrafast pulsed operation. Herein, the unique energy level structure and spectroscopy of the dysprosium ion are examined and the major developments that have led to this resurgence of interest and subsequent record mid‐infrared laser performance are surveyed. Also mid‐infrared applications of emerging dysprosium lasers are highlighted, in addition to surveying the many opportunities that lie ahead.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dysprosium Mid‐Infrared Lasers: Current Status and Future Prospects

Woodward

Majewski

Jackson

2020

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…Further, mode-locked picosecond and femtosecond dysprosium fiber lasers have been reported [14,15]. Recently, a swept-wavelength (2.8-3.4 μm) Dy 3+ :ZBLAN fiber laser was used for the real time sensing of ammonia gas [16]. In [16] the authors show that a tunable Dy 3+ :ZBLAN fiber laser has superior properties when compared with commercially available supercontinuum sources working in this spectral region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a swept-wavelength (2.8-3.4 μm) Dy 3+ :ZBLAN fiber laser was used for the real time sensing of ammonia gas [16]. In [16] the authors show that a tunable Dy 3+ :ZBLAN fiber laser has superior properties when compared with commercially available supercontinuum sources working in this spectral region. It should be also noted that emission from the 6 H 11/2 → 6 H 13/2 transition at a wavelength of 4.3 μm was observed in dysprosium-doped indium fluoride fiber [17], but laser action has not been demonstrated with this transition yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gain-switched Dy³⁺:ZBLAN fiber laser operating around 3 μm

et al. 2019

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A gain-switched Dy 3+ -doped ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2.943 μm is experimentally reported for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The laser was pumped by a 1.1 μm Q-switched ytterbium (III) fiber laser constructed in-house. A stable pulse train is achieved with repetition rates spanning between 25 and 100 kHz. For the repetition rate of 50 kHz, stable 183 ns pulses with an energy of 0.72 μJ and peak power of 4 W are recorded. By using a longer length of Dy 3+ -doped ZBLAN fiber, gain-switched operation was achieved at a wavelength larger than 3 μm.

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Generation of Mid‐Infrared Noise‐Like Pulses from a Polarization‐Maintaining Fluoride Fiber Oscillator

Liang

Tang

et al. 2023

Advanced Photonics Research

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Noise‐like pulses (NLPs) are becoming increasingly attractive for a variety of applications such as supercontinuum generation, materials processing, and low‐coherence spectral interferometry. Related research in the near‐infrared region is extensive, yet few studies have been reported in the mid‐infrared (MIR) region. Herein, a systematic investigation of MIR NLPs is made for the first time. An approach is presented by exploiting a polarization‐maintaining fluoride fiber in the mode‐locked oscillator to cause a polarization‐dependent delay between the orthogonal‐polarized components of intracavity circulating pulses, thus generating a series of ultrashort pulses which will eventually form a stable wave packet, namely, NLP. Numerical simulations based on the extended coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations predict the generation of NLPs, and reveal key aspects of the pulse evolution. Experiments yield linearly polarized NLPs at 2.8 μm with a maximum average power of 498 mW and a spike width of 4.3 ps, corresponding to a pulse energy of 12 nJ. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. This work constitutes a major step toward the development of MIR ultrafast fiber lasers with NLPs output.

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Swept-wavelength mid-infrared fiber laser for real-time ammonia gas sensing

Cited by 71 publications

References 43 publications

Dysprosium Mid‐Infrared Lasers: Current Status and Future Prospects

Dysprosium Mid‐Infrared Lasers: Current Status and Future Prospects

Gain-switched Dy³⁺:ZBLAN fiber laser operating around 3 μm

Generation of Mid‐Infrared Noise‐Like Pulses from a Polarization‐Maintaining Fluoride Fiber Oscillator

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Swept-wavelength mid-infrared fiber laser for real-time ammonia gas sensing

Cited by 71 publications

References 43 publications

Dysprosium Mid‐Infrared Lasers: Current Status and Future Prospects

Dysprosium Mid‐Infrared Lasers: Current Status and Future Prospects

Gain-switched Dy3+:ZBLAN fiber laser operating around 3 μm

Generation of Mid‐Infrared Noise‐Like Pulses from a Polarization‐Maintaining Fluoride Fiber Oscillator

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Gain-switched Dy³⁺:ZBLAN fiber laser operating around 3 μm