Swelling phenomena in anode wires aging under a high accumulated dose

Ferguson, T.; Gavrilov, G.; Gratchev, V.; Dalin, J.-M.; Krivchitch, A.; Kuznetsova, E.; Лебедев, В. М.; Lobachev, E.A.; Polychronakos, V.; Schipunov, L.; Tchernjatin, V.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2003.09.009

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In some cases, active chemical processes under the gold-plating are clearly observed (the gold comes off in the form of chips). Wire swelling, or more precisely, swelling of the tungsten, has also been observed, but in contrast to the results reported in [10], this is not a very reproducible phenomenon: it happened just twice out of about 30 tests. In some tests, damage of the tungsten wire itself was observed, but these are rare occasions.…”

contrasting

confidence: 59%

Aging studies for the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT)

Åkesson

Barberio

Бондаренко³

et al. 2003

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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A summary of the aging and material validation studies carried out for the AT-LAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) is presented. Particular emphasis is put on the different phenomena observed in straw tubes operating with the chosen Xe/CF 4 /CO 2 mixture. The most serious effects observed are silicon deposition on the anode wire and damage of the anode wire gold plating. Etching phenomena and active radical effects are also discussed. With a careful choice of all materials and components, and with good control of the water contamination in the active gas, the ATLAS TRT will operate reliably for 10 years at the LHC design luminosity. To demonstrate this fully, more work is still needed on the gas system purification elements, in particular to understand their interplay with the active species containing fluorine created in the avalanche process under irradiation.

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contrasting

confidence: 59%

Aging studies for the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT)

Åkesson

Barberio

Бондаренко³

et al. 2003

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The application of the NRA in our aging investigations gave us a reliable confirmation of the key role of oxygen in the ''wire-swelling'' mechanism and demonstrated the kinetics of the oxygen transport into the depth of the gold coating of the anode tungsten wire [2,3]. Active elements, including radicals, penetrate through the already opened cracks in the gold layer and react directly with the wire tungsten.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The avalanche environment is a plasma of ions and neutral radicals, and thus the wire aging process should be studied in the framework of plasma chemistry. The most important plasmachemical reactions in the gas mixtures (Ar/CO 2 /CF 4 and Xe/CO 2 /CF 4 ) produce many different active species including oxygen and fluorine [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of nuclear reaction analysis for the fluorine content measurements under the aging investigations of gas-filled particle detectors

Krivchitch

Лебедев

2007

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…3 that the tungsten oxide compounds (WO x ) penetrating through the cracks in the gold layer almost completely covered the surface of the wire. These deposits are well attached to the damaged gold-plating [7].…”

Section: Aging Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[6]. Similar studies were carried out at DESY and PNPI [7,8]. These studies concluded that probability for swelling to occur depends on wire manufacturing process and the gas mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%