Swelling of pH-sensitive hydrogel pressure vessel under altered-pH coupled with inflation, extension, and torsion

Shojaeifard, Mohammad; Niroumandi, Soha; Baghani, Mostafa

doi:10.1007/s11012-022-01497-6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…Some studies analytically examine the deformation of the hydrogel materials at an equilibrium state of swelling (Niroumandi et al, 2021; Shojaeifard et al, 2022). Abdolahi et al (2016), presented an analytical solution for swelling-induced bending of temperature-sensitive hydrogel bilayers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient swelling of cylindrical hydrogels under coupled extension-torsion: Analytical and 3D FEM solutions

Amiri

Baniassadi

Bayat

et al. 2022

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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To design more accurate soft sensors and actuators, there is a significant requirement for the application of complicated deformation conditions. Coupled extension-torsion is a type of deformation which may be utilized in the property characterization of materials with complex behavior such as soft hydrogels. Hydrogels with coupled diffusion and large deformation behavior have intricate kinetics which should be studied in detail. In this work, a robust semi-analytical procedure is proposed to capture the transient behavior of cylindrical hydrogels in combined loading of extension and torsion in different conditions. Moreover, the whole problem with the same conditions is simulated in COMSOL-Multiphysics as a verification framework of the proposed semi-analytical procedure, where comparing the results shows a good agreement. The results demonstrate that the transient behavior of the cylindrical hydrogel under coupled extension-torsion is significantly dependent on the rate of the deformation and material properties. Besides, since the hydrogel undergoes a highly nonlinear swelling in this deformation regime, the simulations predict a complicated reaction force and moment. Visualizing the effect of different parameters engaged in the material shows the robust behavior of the proposed semi-analytical procedure, which can be employed in constitutive models’ calibration as well as in the design and optimization of hydrogels structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient swelling of cylindrical hydrogels under coupled extension-torsion: Analytical and 3D FEM solutions

Amiri

Baniassadi

Bayat

et al. 2022

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Coupled Chemo-Mechanical Swelling Behavior of PH-Sensitive Hollow Cylinder Hydrogels under Extension–Torsion and Internal Pressure: Analytical and 3D FEM Solutions

Askari-sedeh

Baghani

2023

Int. J. Appl. Mechanics

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The coupled transient chemo-mechanical behavior as well as the large deformation behavior under various complex load conditions must be taken into account when designing a functional responsive polymer actuator or sensor. One sort of deformation that can be used to characterize the properties of materials with complicated behavior, like soft hydrogels, is coupled extension and torsion with internal pressure. It is important to thoroughly research the complex kinetics of pH-hydrogels with coupled diffusion and massive deformation behavior. The transient behavior of cylindrical hydrogels under coupled extension–torsion with internal pressure under indifferent conditions is proposed in this work using a reliable semi-analytical method. In this regard, an analytical solution is offered to inspect this problem, which is used as a common experimental methodology for the characterization and modeling of polymeric materials. The results show that the rate of deformation and the physical characteristics of the material have a substantial impact on the cylindrical hydrogel’s transient behavior under coupled extension–torsion and internal pressure. For the same problem, a 3D finite element study was done to assess the analytical solution. The accuracy of our method is supported by the results’ agreement in both the FE analysis and the proposed approach. However, offering such a solution for this complex problem is of tremendous relevance given the significantly cheaper computational cost of analytical methods when compared to FEM. Additionally, the calculations indicate a complex reaction force and moment because the hydrogel experiences nonlinear Poynting-type effects in this deformation domain. The suggested semi-analytical procedure’s resilience behavior is demonstrated by the visualization of the effects of various material properties. This method can be used to calibrate constitutive models and to develop and improve hydrogel structures.

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pH-Responsive Hydrogel Bilayer With Reversible, Bidirectional Bending Behavior

Shojaeifard¹,

Niroumandi

Baghani³

2022

Front. Mater.

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Smart hydrogels are promising materials for shape-shifting structures regarding their large reversible deformation in response to external stimuli in the absence of mechanical loading. Actuators composed of responsive hydrogels have gained significant attention due to their low power consumption, bio-compatibility, fast response, and accessibility. Among these structures, bidirectional hydrogel-based actuators are more fascinating, especially when they have similar reversible bending in both directions. This paper introduces a new design concept of a hydrogel bilayer made of a poly (HEMA-co-DMAEMA) layer and a poly (HEMA-co-AA) hydrogel layer that swells at low and high pH, respectively. This structure is capable of bending in diverse directions while the pH of the aqueous bath alters. The main characteristic of this structure is having reversible bidirectional bending, which has similar behaviors in both directions, unlike previous hydrogel-elastomer bilayers. Then, we develop an analytical method to solve the swelling-induced bidirectional bending of a pH-sensitive hydrogel bilayer. On the other hand, the finite bending of bilayer structure is studied by the finite element method in several cases to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed analytical solution. Lastly, the impacts of material composition and geometrical factors are investigated to be used for bilayer actuator design and application.

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Swelling of pH-sensitive hydrogel pressure vessel under altered-pH coupled with inflation, extension, and torsion

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Transient swelling of cylindrical hydrogels under coupled extension-torsion: Analytical and 3D FEM solutions

Transient swelling of cylindrical hydrogels under coupled extension-torsion: Analytical and 3D FEM solutions

Coupled Chemo-Mechanical Swelling Behavior of PH-Sensitive Hollow Cylinder Hydrogels under Extension–Torsion and Internal Pressure: Analytical and 3D FEM Solutions

pH-Responsive Hydrogel Bilayer With Reversible, Bidirectional Bending Behavior

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