Swelling of clay minerals in unconsolidated porous media and its impact on permeability

Aksu, Irem Yasar; Bazilevskaya, Ekaterina; Karpyn, Zuleima T.

doi:10.1016/j.grj.2015.02.003

Cited by 133 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our laboratory tests revealed much greater inherent swell pressure in the material comprising the landslide body (Table S1). As indicated by Figure 1, and as should be expected from infiltration of water at the ground surface, swell pressure (horizontal effective stress) increases immediately as moisture content rises (Aksu et al, 2015) and it does so at progressively greater Figure 2. As indicated by Figure 1, and as should be expected from infiltration of water at the ground surface, swell pressure (horizontal effective stress) increases immediately as moisture content rises (Aksu et al, 2015) and it does so at progressively greater Figure 2.…”

Section: /2017gl076807supporting

confidence: 65%

“…Swell pressure changing with moisture content may modulate frictional resistance along the landslide's lateral boundaries just as effective normal stress (σ 0 ) modulates frictional resistance along the landslide's basal boundary (equation (1)). As indicated by Figure 1, and as should be expected from infiltration of water at the ground surface, swell pressure (horizontal effective stress) increases immediately as moisture content rises (Aksu et al, 2015) and it does so at progressively greater Figure 2. Results from typical landslide stability modeling.…”

Section: /2017gl076807supporting

confidence: 65%

“…Essentially, all clay is expansive to some degree upon wetting (Mitchell & Soga, 2005;Terzaghi et al, 1996), with pressures for some clay mixtures reaching nearly 10 MPa (Basma et al, 1995). Additionally, soil expansion and contraction may modify hydraulic (Aksu et al, 2015;Lu & Likos, 2004) and strength properties (Lu & Likos, 2004;Terzaghi et al, 1996). Swell pressure may be a critical behavioral control for landslides such as Two Towers with its relatively high content of expansive clay, whereas swell pressure would have negligible effect in materials with low expansion potential.…”

Section: Geophysical Research Lettersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landslide geometry should largely determine potential consequences of variable swell pressure; swelling should have reduced effect as landslide lateral boundaries flatten from vertical, as the ratio of lateral boundary dimensions relative to basal boundary (i.e., subparallel to the ground surface) dimensions decreases, and as the proportion of swell pressure variation decreases relative to pore-water pressure variation. Additionally, soil expansion and contraction may modify hydraulic (Aksu et al, 2015;Lu & Likos, 2004) and strength properties (Lu & Likos, 2004;Terzaghi et al, 1996). Hence, the effects of swelling are complex, necessitating further study.…”

Section: Evaluation Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clayey Landslide Initiation and Acceleration Strongly Modulated by Soil Swelling

Schulz

Smith

Wang

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Largely unknown mechanisms restrain motion of clay‐rich, slow‐moving landslides that are widespread worldwide and rarely accelerate catastrophically. We studied a clayey, slow‐moving landslide typical of thousands in Northern California, USA, to decipher hydrologic‐mechanical interactions that modulate landslide dynamics. Similar to some other studies, observed pore‐water pressures correlated poorly with landslide reactivation and speed. In situ and laboratory measurements strongly suggested that variable pressure along the landslide's lateral shear boundaries resulting from seasonal soil expansion and contraction modulated its reactivation and speed. Slope‐stability modeling suggested that the landslide's observed behavior could be predicted by including transient swell pressure as a resistance term, whereas modeling considering only transient hydrologic conditions predicted movement five to six months prior to when it was observed. All clayey soils swell to some degree; hence, our findings suggest that swell pressure likely modulates motion of many landslides and should be considered to improve forecasts of clayey landslide initiation and mobility.

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Section: /2017gl076807supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: /2017gl076807supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Geophysical Research Lettersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clayey Landslide Initiation and Acceleration Strongly Modulated by Soil Swelling

Schulz

Smith

Wang

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…In accordance with the assumptions of Peng et al (), the two soil samples during Campaign II, which contained significantly higher clay amounts, display highest surface changes above the original surface. An immediate swelling is observable, which corresponds to a study by Aksu, Bazilevskaya, and Karpyn () who experienced immediate swelling on a montmorillonite sample.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Addressing uncertainties in interpreting soil surface changes by multitemporal high‐resolution topography data across scales

Kaiser

Erhardt²,

Eltner

2018

Land Degrad Dev

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Extensive amounts of water erosion combined with the magnitude of on‐site and off‐site impacts have led to considerable reduction in soil fertility and increased production costs in agriculture. Digital elevation models are a useful and established tool to better understand surface processes and to quantify damages. Ongoing developments in camera‐based 3D reconstruction allow non‐expert users to produce high‐quality elevation models. Multitemporal surveys allow geomorphic change detection serving as a valuable tool for geomorphologists and erosion researchers. Despite various benefits, these recent developments are accompanied by novel challenges in the form of small‐scale nonerosive surface processes (e.g., swelling/shrinking, consolidation/compaction, and aggregate breakdown). If neglected, these alterations can sum up to distinct errors in soil loss quantification. However, as yet, there have been no studies discussing their influence on surface data sets in erosion research. We present an across‐scales approach of visualising and quantifying detailed soil physical changes and their influence on surface morphology at submillimetre resolution. The data sets were acquired at field scale from an unmanned airborne vehicle, at plot scale during an artificial rainfall simulation on an agricultural site, and at microplot scale in a laboratory set‐up. Resulting high‐precision data sets enable the desired insights in soil movements and surface alterations without preceding particle transport and soil loss. Surface changes sum up to 260 m3/ha on an Andalusian test site and could be falsely interpreted as soil loss (of 286 t/ha). These results recommend cautious interpretation of high‐resolution topography in soil erosion research.

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Impact of shale on properties and oil recovery potential of sandstone formation for low‐salinity waterflooding applications

Chaturvedi

Singh

Sharma

2019

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Porous and permeable formation, namely, sandstone, may also contain water-reactive clays that swell in the presence of water and cause damage to formation by reducing its permeability. The inclusion of salts in injected water (called low-salinity water) is considered successful to inhibit shale swelling. Therefore, this study reports the impact of shale content (0-25%) on porous and permeable sand-packs in the presence of fresh water and salt solutions (KCl/CaCl2, 0-4 wt%). The properties of sand-packs were found to be significantly affected by shale; porosity reduced by~34% with 25% of shale, whereas permeability could not be measured due to no flow. KCl addition was relatively favorable as 2 wt% KCl offered least impact of shale on sand-pack properties. Interestingly, sand-pack that exhibited no permeability in water recovered significant permeability in the presence of KCl of 2 wt%.As a result, the oil recoveries of sand-packs were higher than the ones with water, and moreover, sand-pack with 25% shale content showed 27% original oil in place, which was negligible in presence of water. Thus, the study concludes that a salt solution of 2 wt% KCl can be very effective in shaly sandstone that faces challenges in conventional water flooding applications.

show abstract

Swelling of clay minerals in unconsolidated porous media and its impact on permeability

Cited by 133 publications

References 29 publications

Clayey Landslide Initiation and Acceleration Strongly Modulated by Soil Swelling

Clayey Landslide Initiation and Acceleration Strongly Modulated by Soil Swelling

Addressing uncertainties in interpreting soil surface changes by multitemporal high‐resolution topography data across scales

Impact of shale on properties and oil recovery potential of sandstone formation for low‐salinity waterflooding applications

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