“Swelling Chlorite”

Stephen, I.; MacEwan, Douglas M. C.

doi:10.1680/geot.1950.2.1.82

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Behavior of 00£ peaks of Leg 83 samples after heat treatments suggests that they are mixtures of chlorite with smectite and vermiculite rather than swelling chlorite (Stephen and MacEwan, 1950;Martin-Vivaldi and Mac-Ewan, 1960). In all of the clay mineral mixtures the 001 and 002 peak intensities decrease after heating.…”

Section: Chlorite-expandable Clay Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 001 peaks decrease more than the 002 peaks, especially in expandable clay samples, and collapsed smectite-vermiculite 001 peaks (at 9-12 Å) are only rarely visible, suggesting that the expandable layers are preferentially destroyed by heating. Swelling chlorite peak intensities should not decrease after heating, and in fact the 001 peak may increase in intensity (Stephen and MacEwan, 1950;Brindley and Brown, 1980), suggesting that swelling chlorite is not present in Leg 83 samples. The chlorite in all of the mixtures is of the IIB structural type, as determined from random mounts.…”

Section: Chlorite-expandable Clay Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expansion of the 00£ spacings after Mg-saturation and glycerol treatment indicates the presence of smectite as the expandable component. The decrease on intensity of the 14 Å peak after heat treatment suggests the presence of smectite rather than swelling chlorite, which should exhibit increased 14 Å peak intensity (Stephen and MacEwan, 1950;Brindley and Brown, 1980). The RML clay minerals found in Hole 504B are thus not corrensite, which consists of regularly interstratified chlorite and swelling chlorite (Martin-Vivaldi and MacEwan, 1960).…”

Section: Regular-mixed-layer Chlorite-smectitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Alteration of the Upper Oceanic Crust: Mineralogy and Processes in Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 504B, Leg 83

Alt

Laverne

Muehlenbachs

1985

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

103

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Leg 83 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project has deepened Hole 504B to over 1 km into basement, 1350 m below the seafloor (BSF). The hole previously extended through 274.5 m of sediment and 561.5 m of pillow basalts altered at low temperature (< 100°C), to 836 m BSF. Leg 83 drilling penetrated an additional 10 m of pillows, a 209-m transition zone, and 295 m into a sheeted dike complex. Leg 83 basalts (836-1350 m BSF) generally contain superimposed greenschist and zeolite-facies mineral parageneses. Alteration of pillows and dikes from 836 to 898 m BSF occurred under reducing conditions at low water/rock ratios, and at temperatures probably greater than 100°C. Evolution of fluid composition resulted in the formation of (1) clay minerals, followed by (2) zeolites, anhydrite, and calcite. Alteration of basalts in the transition zone and dike sections (898-1350 m BSF) occurred in three basic stages, defined by the opening of fractures and the formation of characteristic secondary minerals. (1) Chlorite, actinolite, pyrite, albite, sphene, and minor quartz formed in veins and host basalts from partially reacted seawater (Mg-bearing, locally metal-and Si-enriched) at temperatures of at least 200-250°C. (2) Quartz, epidote, and sulfides formed in veins at temperatures of up to 380°C, from more evolved (Mg-depleted, metal-, Si-, and 18 O-enriched) fluids. (3) The last stage is characterized by zeolite formation: (a) analcite and stilbite formed locally, possibly at temperatures less than 200°C followed by (b) formation of laumontite, heulàndite, scolecite, calcite, and prehnite from solutions depleted in Mg and enriched in Ca and 18 O, at temperatures of up to 250°C. The presence of small amounts of anhydrite locally may be due to ingress of relatively unaltered seawater into the system during Stage 3. Alteration was controlled by the permeability of the crust and is characterized by generally incomplete recrystallization and replacement reactions among secondary minerals. Secondary mineralogy in the host basalts is strongly controlled by primary mineralogy. The alteration of Leg 83 basalts can be interpreted in terms of an evolving hydrothermal system, with (a) changes in solution composition because of reaction of seawater fluids with basalts at high temperatures; (b) variations in permeability caused by several stages of sealing and reopening of cracks; and (c) a general cooling of the system, caused either by the cooling of a magma chamber beneath the spreading center and/or the movement of the crust away from the heat source. The relationship of the high-temperature alteration in the transition zone and dike sections to the low-temperature alteration in the overlying pillow section remains uncertain.

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Section: Chlorite-expandable Clay Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chlorite-expandable Clay Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regular-mixed-layer Chlorite-smectitementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alteration of the Upper Oceanic Crust: Mineralogy and Processes in Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 504B, Leg 83

Alt

Laverne

Muehlenbachs

1985

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

103

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“…Hence, the mineral most likely to be of significant relevance to aggregate shrinkage was chlorite that formed in the matrix between fractured particles. It has been widely reported that there is an expansive chlorite [37,38]. The relationship between drying shrinkage strain of aggregate at relative humidity of 60% and chlorite content of aggregate was compared, and good correlation was confirmed (as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Relation Between Amount Of Shrinkage and Expansive Clay Minementioning

confidence: 74%

Influence of mineral composition of siliceous rock on its volume change

Igarashi

Maruyama

Nishioka

et al. 2015

Construction and Building Materials

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“…The are given in Table I . The spacings are not affected by treatment with glycerol, which excludes the possibility that montmorillonite (MacEwan, 1944) or 'swelling chlorite' (Stephen and MacEwan, 1950) contributes to the 14 A line. Of the known clay minerals, the remaining possibilities are chlorite and vermiculite.…”

Section: Clay Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%