Swelling behavior of ion exchange resins incorporated in tri-calcium silicate cement matrix: I. Chemical analysis

Neji, Mejdi; Bary, Benoı̂t; Bescop, P. Le; Burlion, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.10.013

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Documented ion exchange resins for 99-Tc capture include Purolite A530E and SuperLig 639 with Purolite A530E showing secondary selectivity for other contaminants such as IO 3 - (Valenta et al 2010;Saslow et al 2019a). Initial work has been performed to identify formulations capable of solidifying ion exchange resins that were exposed to simulated Hanford wastes drawing on the previous work on resin solidification by the French Atomic Energy Commission (Neji et al 2013;Neji et al 2015).…”

Section: Line 15 -Use Of Ion Exchange Resins As Getter For Incorporation Into Waste Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Technologies for Enhancing Grout for Immobilizing Hanford Supplemental Low-Activity Waste (SLAW)

Skeen

Langston

McCabe

et al. 2020

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An expert panel consisting of the document authors was assembled by Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC (WRPS) and tasked with (1) identifying technical and regulatory limitations to treating and disposing of grouted low-activity waste (LAW), and (2) with identifying and evaluating a wide range of technical solutions to these limitations. The analysis included technologies to allow inventory management and/or improve retention of iodine, technetium, and nitrate either in the waste packages, or within the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF), and, technologies to ensure regulated organics are below Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) levels.The expert panel completed their analysis in three distinct phases. In Phase I, the team reviewed the chemical and physical characteristics of the most recent projected supplemental LAW (SLAW) feed vector along with disposal site waste acceptance criteria and the fiscal year 2019 results from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory that identified the level of improvement that would be needed to meet onsite disposal requirements in the IDF (Asmussen et al. 2019a). The two regulatory constraints targeted for technology solutions by the expert panel were (1) current estimates based on performance assessment fate-andtransport modeling indicate that if the entire quantity of LAW currently designated for supplemental treatment were solidified as a cementitious material, nitrate, 99-Tc, and 129-I could exceed groundwater standards after DOE's time of compliance (1,000 years) but within 10,000 years after IDF closure and (2) LAW may contain RCRA LDR organics at levels that require removal to meet LDR concentration-based limits. It should also be noted that the first issue is only applicable to on-site disposal, not offsite at WCS and is based on calculations that assume either a low-performing grout is used, or high-performance grout does not maintain its performance (SRNL-RP-2018-00687). Asmussen et al. (2019a) estimated that the inventory of grouted SLAW could meet IDF groundwater requirements if the release rate of nitrate, 99-Tc, and 129-I were reduced by a factor of approximately 3.2, 10, and 32, respectively versus baseline formulation performance.In Phase II, an extensive list of technologies and engineering approaches was identified and subjected to an initial assessment by the group. Current knowledge associated with technology maturation needs and constraints to implementation at Hanford were recorded in 13 distinct categories. In the final phase of the process (Phase III), the expert panel selected 7 of the 13 categories for qualitative rating and a series of meetings were held between the expert panel to discuss and rate each technology in each category. All ratings were developed by consensus. After the qualitative rating was complete, a numerical scoring criterion for each category was applied and a composite score for the individual technologies was calculated. An uncertainty score was also developed for each technolo...

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Section: Line 15 -Use Of Ion Exchange Resins As Getter For Incorporation Into Waste Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Technologies for Enhancing Grout for Immobilizing Hanford Supplemental Low-Activity Waste (SLAW)

Skeen

Langston

McCabe

et al. 2020

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“…The volumetric fraction of the embedded material per volume of the macro scale material is referenced as . Moreover, the material embedded in the macro scale material can have different sizes and volumetric fractions and lead to multiple pressures [4], [27]. The pressure of each fraction is different and should be evaluated separately.…”

Section: Case Of Porous Materials Embedded In Another Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unexpected expansion can be responsible for cracking in concrete, fired clays or other quasi-brittle materials and mechanical modelling should be able to evaluate their behaviour at material and structure scales. External or internal chemical attacks (Alkali-Silica Reaction -ASR [1], Delayed Ettringite Formation -DEF [2], external sulfate attack [3], expansion of resins embedded in quasi-brittle materials [4]) or physical phenomena (frost [5]) can be the cause of such swelling and lead to a decrease in the strength of the materials affected. Modelling should be able to distinguish and to assess the contribution of each mechanism: pressure, diffuse cracking due to material damage, and localized cracking due to pressure gradient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion modelling based on cracking induced by the formation of new phases in concrete

Multon

Sellier

2019

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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Unexpected expansion can be a cause of damage in quasi-brittle materials such as concrete, fired clays or rocks. Such expansions can be due to chemical reactions (alkalisilica reaction-ASR, sulfate attack) or physical phenomena (frost, transport of fluids). Expansion is caused by two main mechanisms: matrix deformation due to the pressure initiated by the formation of new phases in the porosity of the material, and matrix cracking, which increases the apparent swelling of the matrix. In this work, a poromechanical model is proposed to reproduce expansion in materials resulting from single or multiple pressures. In this model, plastic deformation is used to represent permanent strain due to diffuse cracking induced by the pressure. In the case of expansion in quasi-brittle materials, the permanent deformations induced by the pressure are anisotropic to take account of the impact of the initial material anisotropy and stress anisotropy on cracking. The model is then coupled with a damage model and used to evaluate the opening of localized cracks due to a pressure gradient in a laboratory specimen.

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“…The swelling behavior of the spent organic exchangers and the composition of the transition zone were investigated [83][84][85][86]. In a simple cementitious system, Amberlite IR120H (Na + form) in Alite, a transient zone of small dimension was reported to occur just after setting, due to the decrease in the osmotic pressure of the external solution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main internal pressure in the spent organic resin cementitious matrices is supposed to be attributed to the osmotic swelling of the resin, where cracking was proposed to occur when the generated tensile stresses exceed the maximum tensile strength of the waste forms [83]. A detailed investigation on the swelling behavior of the ion exchange resins in Alite was conducted to understand the chemical and mechanical behavior of a cementitious waste matrix containing C-S-H and portlandite only [84,85]. The studies used Amberlite IR-120 (Ca +2 form) with a mean diameter of 0.5 mm and effective capacity of 5.03 mEq/g of dry resin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes

Rahman

Ojovan

2021

Sustainability

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Developing effective radioactive waste management practices is essential for ensuring the sustainability of the nuclear industry. The immobilization of radioactive wastes is one of the main activities conducted during the management of these wastes; it aims to produce a durable waste form that has sustainable performance over long periods of time. In this work, the challenges that face the design of durable cementitious waste forms are addressed for problematic operational wastes. In this respect, the problematic characteristics of evaporator concentrates, spent ion exchangers, and organic liquid wastes are overviewed, and the factors that affect the durability of their cementitious waste forms are identified. A summary of potential conventional and innovative cementitious matrices is presented by reviewing the cementation practices in national programs and recent research devoted to developing durable matrices. Finally, a guide to optimize the mix design of these waste forms was proposed that includes the selection of the testing procedure, factors that affect the waste form performance, and the optimization technique. This guide was presented with special focus on leaching tests, which are a means to test the stabilization performance of nuclear waste forms.

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Swelling behavior of ion exchange resins incorporated in tri-calcium silicate cement matrix: I. Chemical analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Evaluation of Technologies for Enhancing Grout for Immobilizing Hanford Supplemental Low-Activity Waste (SLAW)

Evaluation of Technologies for Enhancing Grout for Immobilizing Hanford Supplemental Low-Activity Waste (SLAW)

Expansion modelling based on cracking induced by the formation of new phases in concrete

Toward Sustainable Cementitious Radioactive Waste Forms: Immobilization of Problematic Operational Wastes

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