Swelling and swelling pressure of a clayey soil: Experimental data, model simulations and effects on slope stability

E., Farzaneh Ghalamzan; Rosa, Jacopo De; Gajo, Alessandro; Maio, Caterina Di

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106512

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The soil elements, porous plate, cell reservoir, and thin layer of water were simulated with the 2D finite element proposed by Ghalamzan Esfahani et al [24,26]. In this element, the salt diffusion and the mass exchange between solid particles and the fluid phase are considered in addition to the solid displacement and pore pressures.…”

Section: Model Validation With Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, we have used the proposed interface element together with the 2D element proposed by Ghalamzan Esfahani et al [24,26] to simulate the direct shear tests performed on bentonite by Di Maio and Scaringi [16]. These experimental results are particularly challenging because a mixture of chemical and mechanical loadings was applied to a soil sample, under either load-or displacement-controlled conditions that involved also the delayed mechanical response of the solid skeleton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14a. The soil above and below the interface element was simulated with the 2D finite elements proposed by Ghalamzan Esfahani et al [24,26]. Salt concentration in pore fluid was constrained at all nodes and no chemomechanical interaction was considered.…”

Section: The Transversal Salt Diffusion and Water Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A zero-thickness interface element incorporating hydro-chemo-mechanical coupling and rate-dependency

Ghalamzan Esfahani,

Gajo

2023

Acta Geotech.

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The interfaces play a key role in many engineering problems involving geologic materials. In particular, slope stability analyses of ancient landslides (that were subjected to large displacements along a slip surface) need the formulation of ad hoc interface elements. The mechanical response of slip surfaces in clays is affected by hydro-chemo-mechanical interactions and by rate effects and this paper presents the formulation of an innovative zero-thickness interface element for dealing with these kinds of effects. The proposed interface element is an extension of the modified zero-thickness element proposed by Goodman et al. (J Soil Mech Found Div ASCE 94:637–659, 1968). In addition to solid displacement, we consider the flow of water and the diffusion of a single salt in the fluid phase. Terzaghi’s effective stress principle is used leading to the usual hydro-mechanical coupling within the interface element. The fluxes of water and salt are considered in the longitudinal and in transversal directions of the interface element. For the constitutive relation, we propose an innovative nonlinear elastic energy that improves the numerical convergence in the occurrence of interface opening. The Mohr–Coulomb yield surface is used for the plastic regime in which we considered the effects of strain rate and salt concentration on the shearing behaviour of the interface element. The proposed element has been implemented in a user-defined subroutine of ABAQUS. The typical effects of salt concentration and displacement rate and the typical model responses for the longitudinal and transversal fluxes of salt and pore fluid are discussed in detail. Finally, the proposed interface element is validated through the comparison with experimental results.

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Section: Model Validation With Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A zero-thickness interface element incorporating hydro-chemo-mechanical coupling and rate-dependency

Ghalamzan Esfahani,

Gajo

2023

Acta Geotech.

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“…The mercury saturation frequency (35.7%) decreased significantly at 10.0 µm and 0.074 Mpa (Figure S5b), while the mercury saturation (53.6%) increased. The above case might be ascribed to the micropore-throat blocking effects of hydro-swelling smectite clay minerals [35]. This clogging behavior further resulted in poor connectivity of the pore network and increased mercury infiltration resistance considerably.…”

Section: Changes In Distribution and Structure Of Core Pore-throatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the Hydro-Swelling of Smectite Clay Minerals by Fe(III) Reducing Bacteria for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Cui

Wang

et al. 2022

Energies

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The hydro-swelling of smectite clay minerals in low-permeability reservoirs further decreases the reservoir permeability and results in low oil recovery. Currently, the traditional chemical anti-swelling agents are widely used, but most of them are only effective in the short term and are not environmentally friendly. Here, we report the use of Fe(III) reducing microorganisms (FeRM) as a novel green anti-swelling agent to enhance oil recovery from low-permeability reservoirs. The results showed that FeRM (Proteus hauserifective) inhibited/reduced the hydro-swelling of smectite clay minerals through a three-step biochemical mineralization reaction process. The structural Fe(III) reduction in minerals by FeRM can be an important driving force for illitization. The maximum inhibition efficiency (36.6%) and shrinkage efficiency (69.3%) were achieved at 35 °C and 0.1 Mpa. Furthermore, core displacement tests showed that FeRM reduced the waterflooding injection pressure by 61.1%, increased the core permeability by 49.6%, and increased the oil recovery by 8.1%. Finally, the mechanism of FeRM-enhanced oil recovery was revealed. This study demonstrates that using FeRM to inhibit/reduce the hydro-swelling of clay minerals holds great potential to enhance the oil recovery from low-permeability reservoirs.

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“…The swelling behavior of soils, caused by the absorption of water in fine-grained soils, often results in engineering failures such as differential settlement and other issues (Du et al, 2021;Taherdangkoo et al, 2023;Tsiampousi et al, 2024). Plenty of studies have discussed the swelling deformation properties of soil (Du et al, 2020;Ghalamzan et al, 2022;Al-Taie et al, 2023). Most studies focused on the swelling properties of expansive soil or bentonite, as it was considered harmful to barrier materials used in high-level radioactive waste repositories or landfills due to significant swelling deformation (Eyo et al, 2019;Tanaka et al, 2019;Liang et al, 2021;Kale et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling pressure of phyllite residual soil during saturation

Zhang,

Qin,

Tang

et al. 2024

Front. Mater.

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Phyllite residual soil is a typical regional soil formed from the weathering of phyllite rock formations, characterized by poor engineering properties. The swelling pressure could pose a threat to roadbed stability and other geological engineering disasters during the rainy season. Therefore, studying the swelling pressure of phyllite residual soil is critical for ensuring the sustainable development of both human society and the natural environment. In this study, a series of swelling pressure tests were conducted on the phyllite residual soil to determine its swelling pressure, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test was applied to assess the evolution of soil fabric in both the initial unsaturated state and saturated state. The results indicate that the swelling rate of phyllite residual soil is negatively correlated with the initial water content and positively correlates with the dry density. The denser or drier the phyllite residual soil is in its initial state, the higher the equilibrium swelling pressure will be. The analysis of T2 distribution curves reveals that during the wetting process in phyllite residual soil, water fills micropores prior to macropores until water fills up all pores.

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Swelling and swelling pressure of a clayey soil: Experimental data, model simulations and effects on slope stability

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

A zero-thickness interface element incorporating hydro-chemo-mechanical coupling and rate-dependency

A zero-thickness interface element incorporating hydro-chemo-mechanical coupling and rate-dependency

Controlling the Hydro-Swelling of Smectite Clay Minerals by Fe(III) Reducing Bacteria for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Low-Permeability Reservoirs

Swelling pressure of phyllite residual soil during saturation

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