Sweet Sorghum Planting Effects on Stalk Yield and Sugar Quality in Semi‐Arid Tropical Environment

ABSTRACT. Sweet sorghum has emerged as an alternative crop for ethanol yield. The breeding of this crop is performed to obtain cultivars with high ethanol yield, which necessarily requires associating favorable phenotypes for multiple traits. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the association between agro-industrial traits related to ethanol yield and identify the promising genotypes considering multiple traits in sweet sorghum. For this purpose, we evaluated 45 genotypes using a 9 x 5 alpha-lattice experimental design with three replications. The traits measured were flowering time, plant height, tons of stalk per hectare, total soluble solids, tons of brix per hectare, juice extraction, total recoverable sugars, and ethanol yield. Analyses were performed after the recovery of inter-block information. The interrelation of the traits was described by genotype-by-trait biplot. For simultaneous selection, the Modified Mulamba and Mock index was used. For almost all of the agro-industrial traits, except for juice extraction, selective accuracy was above 70%. There were significant differences among genotypes for all the traits. The genotype-by-trait biplot evidenced a positive association between most of the traits related to ethanol yield, except for juice extraction, indicating the possibility of indirect selection to obtain more productive genotypes. Some genotypes proved to be promising based on the selection index, as they accumulated phenotypes favorable for the traits of interest.

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“…Similar values were also found by Rao et al (2013). The lines BR501, CMSXS642, CMSXS643, and hybrid BSW80147 were highlighted for being late.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Association among agro-industrial traits and simultaneous selection in sweet sorghum

Leite¹,

Fagundes²,

Nunes³

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…In general, long growing season increased plant height and plant diameter. Sweet sorghum plant height increased with earlier planting date (Rao et al, 2013;Almodares and Darany, 2006). July planting (July 5, 15 and 25) had similar and significantly more biomass (35393 kg/ha) than August planting (30780 kg/ha) (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomass in August planting was reduced considerably because days from planting to panicle initiation was not long enough for vegetation phase. Higher total biomass and stalk yield of sweet sorghum from early planting may be due to higher total accumulated thermal time and higher ambient air and soil temperatures associated with longer day length during pre-flowering stages (Rao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same study, total sugar yield was increased by 150% by applying 100 kg ha -1 N, with an increase of only 4% from an additional 100 kg ha -1 N. Tropical environments differ from temperate ones in both phenology and yield. Both photoperiod and temperature interact, thus further influencing yield especially for very late plantings (Rao et al, 2013). Much information on the impact of planting date on stalk and sugar yields are available on sweet sorghum genotypes grown in temperate climatic conditions (Han et al, 2012;Burks et al, 2013), but information is very limited on mid-summer planting on ethanol production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of sowing dates and nitrogen levels for ethanol production from sweet sorghum stalks and grains

Almodares¹,

Hoseini²

2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Sweet sorghum is being investigated as a feedstock for ethanol production in semi-arid countries. It can be grown with fewer inputs than other energy crops. In Iran, due to long growing season, ethanol is produced from both sweet sorghum stem and grain. In other countries, ethanol is not produced from sweet sorghum grain due to low grain yield or short growing season. The purpose of this study was to maximize ethanol production from both stem and grain of sweet sorghum. Four planting dates (July 5, July 14, July 25 and August 4) and three nitrogen levels (50, 100 and 150 kg/ha urea) were assigned to the main and subplots, respectively. Plants were harvested at physiological maturity. Stem measurements were: stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk fresh yield, brix value, sucrose content, total sugar and ethanol yield and grain measurements were: number of grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and ethanol yield. Stem measurements were highest in July 5 planting and lowest in August 4 planting, while grain measurements were highest and lowest in August 4 and July 5 plantings, respectively. Stem and grain measurements in July 15 and July 25 were intermediate. More grain yield, 1000 grain weight and number of grain/panicle were obtained with the application of 150 kg/ha urea than the other two nitrogen levels. Based on the results, in order to obtain the highest ethanol yield from both stem and grain, it is suggested to plant sweet sorghum as early as possible and apply 150 kg/ha urea.

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“…For example, Miller and Ottman (2010) , with a total water use between 554 and 657 mm. Sweet sorghum yield is sensitive to planting date and low yields can result if the crop is planted too early (not cold tolerant) or too late (short growing season) (DAFF, 2010;Rao, 2013).…”

Section: Yield Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary investigation of the water use efficiency of sweet sorghum for biofuel in South Africa

Mengistu¹,

Steyn²,

Kunz³

et al. 2016

WSA

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Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has been recognized globally as a potential biofuel crop for ethanol production. Sweet sorghum is a drought-tolerant crop that is widely adapted to different environmental growing conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the water use efficiency (utilisable yield per unit amount of water used) of drip-irrigated sweet sorghum (variety Sugargraze) under two different climatic conditions in South Africa. The sweet sorghum trials were conducted at Ukulinga research farm (University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg) and Hatfield experimental farm (University of Pretoria, Pretoria), South Africa. Field trials were conducted in two successive seasons, viz., 2010/11 and 2011/12. Seasonal water use was estimated using eddy covariance and surface renewal methods. Fresh and dry aboveground biomass yield, stalk yield and stalk Brix % were measured at final harvest. Theoretical ethanol yield was calculated from fresh stalk yield and Brix %. Water use for the two growing seasons was 415 mm at Ukulinga and 398 mm at Hatfield. The ethanol water use efficiency (WUE) values for the sweet sorghum at Ukulinga were 0.27 and 0.60 L•m WUE estimates of the sweet sorghum crop were higher for Hatfield compared to Ukulinga research farm. The results from this study showed that the WUE of sweet sorghum was sensitive to plant density. The WUE values confirm that sweet sorghum has high WUE under different climatic conditions.

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Sweet Sorghum Planting Effects on Stalk Yield and Sugar Quality in Semi‐Arid Tropical Environment

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Association among agro-industrial traits and simultaneous selection in sweet sorghum

Association among agro-industrial traits and simultaneous selection in sweet sorghum

Effect of sowing dates and nitrogen levels for ethanol production from sweet sorghum stalks and grains

A preliminary investigation of the water use efficiency of sweet sorghum for biofuel in South Africa

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