Sweet problems: insect traits defining the limits to dietary sugar utilisation by the pea aphid,<i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i>

Douglas, A. E.; Price, Daniel D.; Minto, Lynne; Jones, Ellis; Pescod, K V; François, C L M J; Pritchard, Jeremy; Boonham, Neil

doi:10.1242/jeb.02148

Cited by 63 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Lower levels of primary metabolites such as carbohydrates would make MDR049 and MDR657 less suitable as hosts. Phloem‐mobile sugars are the principal source of carbon for aphid development and aphids are known to show a compensatory feeding response, ingesting food at an inverse rate to the concentration of sucrose (Douglas et al , 2006; Douglas & van Emden, 2007), so the reduction in time the aphids spend phloem feeding on these lines is contradictory and could suggest an occlusion mechanism, or a toxic or antifeedant effect. However, as stated above, the total leaf sugar concentrations measured in the metabolic study are not a direct reflection of phloem sugars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triticum monococcumlines with distinct metabolic phenotypes and phloem-based partial resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphidRhopalosiphum padi

et al. 2016

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Crop protection is an integral part of establishing food security, by protecting the yield potential of crops. Cereal aphids cause yield losses by direct damage and transmission of viruses. Some wild relatives of wheat show resistance to aphids but the mechanisms remain unresolved. In order to elucidate the location of the partial resistance to the bird cherry–oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, in diploid wheat lines of Triticum monococcum, we conducted aphid performance studies using developmental bioassays and electrical penetration graphs, as well as metabolic profiling of partially resistant and susceptible lines. This demonstrated that the partial resistance is related to a delayed effect on the reproduction and development of R. padi. The observed partial resistance is phloem based and is shown by an increase in number of probes before the first phloem ingestion, a higher number and duration of salivation events without subsequent phloem feeding and a shorter time spent phloem feeding on plants with reduced susceptibility. Clear metabolic phenotypes separate partially resistant and susceptible lines, with the former having lower levels of the majority of primary metabolites, including total carbohydrates. A number of compounds were identified as being at different levels in the susceptible and partially resistant lines, with asparagine, octopamine and glycine betaine elevated in less susceptible lines without aphid infestation. In addition, two of those, asparagine and octopamine, as well as threonine, glutamine, succinate, trehalose, glycerol, guanosine and choline increased in response to infestation, accumulating in plant tissue localised close to aphid feeding after 24 h. There was no clear evidence of systemic plant response to aphid infestation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triticum monococcumlines with distinct metabolic phenotypes and phloem-based partial resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphidRhopalosiphum padi

et al. 2016

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“…For example, the salivary glucose oxidase of Helicoverpa zea reduces the nicotine defence pathway in tobacco plants [43] and suppresses jasmonic acid related plant defence pathways [44]. More generally, oxidoreductase activity could also detoxify noxious phytochemicals, and promote gelling of the sheath saliva by enhancing disulphide bridge formation [19,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sutton) at 207C with 18L:6D regime. Each collection of saliva used ,4000 aphids feeding for 24 h on chemically-defined diet of Douglas et al [19], held in Parafilm ™ sachets. The diet mix was prepared under aseptic conditions using cell biology grade, endotoxinfree water (Sigma Aldrich, Ireland) filtered through a Filtropur 0.2-mm filter (Sarstedt, Ireland).…”

Section: Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The secreted salivary proteome of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum characterised by mass spectrometry

et al. 2009

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Nine proteins secreted in the saliva of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum were identified by a proteomics approach using GE-LC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, with reference to EST and genomic sequence data for A. pisum. Four proteins were identified by their sequences: a homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme (an M2 metalloprotease), an M1 zinc-dependant metalloprotease, a glucose-methanol-choline (GMC)-oxidoreductase and a homolog to regucalcin (also known as senescence marker protein 30). The other five proteins are not homologous to any previously described sequence and included an abundant salivary protein (represented by ACYPI009881), with a predicted length of 1161 amino acids and high serine, tyrosine and cysteine content. A. pisum feeds on plant phloem sap and the metalloproteases and regucalcin (a putative calcium-binding protein) are predicted determinants of sustained feeding, by inactivation of plant protein defences and inhibition of calcium-mediated occlusion of phloem sieve elements, respectively. The amino acid composition of ACYPI009881 suggests a role in the aphid salivary sheath that protects the aphid mouthparts from plant defences, and the oxidoreductase may promote gelling of the sheath protein or mediate oxidative detoxification of plant allelochemicals. Further salivary proteins are expected to be identified as more sensitive MS technologies are developed.

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“…50 The trehalose pool, however, is significantly elevated, apparently at the expense of glucose (which is reduced) in antibiotic-treated aphids (Figure 3). There is no evidence for a direct involvement of B. aphidicola in the sugar metabolism of aphids, 24,51 and the change in the sugar pools is, therefore, interpreted as an indirect consequence of eliminating the symbiosis. The proteome analysis provides evidence that this effect might be underpinned by increased glycolysis (which consumes glucose) and that it may be linked to the shortfall of essential amino acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental aphids were generated by allowing plantreared adults to larviposit over 24 h onto the chemically defined diet of Douglas et al 24 with 0.5 M sucrose and 0.15 M amino acids (essential/nonessential amino acids in a ratio of 1:1). This diet is designated diet-H (high essential amino acids).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Metabonomic−Proteomic Analysis of an Insect−Bacterial Symbiotic System

et al. 2010

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The health of animals, including humans, is dependent on their resident microbiota, but the complexity of the microbial communities makes these associations difficult to study in most animals. Exceptionally, the microbiology of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum is dominated by a single bacterium Buchnera aphidicola (B. aphidicola). A 1 H NMR-based metabonomic strategy was applied to investigate metabolic profiles of aphids fed on a low essential amino acid diet and treated by antibiotic to eliminate B. aphidicola. In addition, differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) with mass spectrometry was utilized to determine the alterations of proteins induced by these treatments. We found that these perturbations resulted in significant changes to the abundance of 15 metabolites and 238 proteins. Ten (67%) of the metabolites with altered abundance were amino acids, with nonessential amino acids increased and essential amino acids decreased by both perturbations. Over-represented proteins in the perturbed treatments included catabolic enzymes with roles in amino acid degradation and glycolysis, various cuticular proteins, and a C-type lectin and regucalcin with candidate defensive roles. This analysis demonstrates the central role of essential amino acid production in the relationship and identifies candidate proteins and processes underpinning the function and persistence of the association.

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Sweet problems: insect traits defining the limits to dietary sugar utilisation by the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum

Abstract: sucrose. It is concluded that the osmoregulatory response of aphids to diets and plants are comparable, and, more generally, that the feeding and osmoregulatory capabilities of the aphids are compatible with the phloem sugar levels commonly encountered by aphids feeding on plants.

Cited by 63 publications

References 31 publications

Triticum monococcumlines with distinct metabolic phenotypes and phloem-based partial resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphidRhopalosiphum padi

Triticum monococcumlines with distinct metabolic phenotypes and phloem-based partial resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphidRhopalosiphum padi

The secreted salivary proteome of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum characterised by mass spectrometry

Integrated Metabonomic−Proteomic Analysis of an Insect−Bacterial Symbiotic System

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