Sweet Immunity: The Effect of Exogenous Fructans on the Susceptibility of Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to Venturia inaequalis

Svara, Anze; Tarkowski, Łukasz Paweł; Rensburg, Henry Christopher Janse van; Deleye, Evelien; Vaerten, Jarl; Storme, Nico De; Keulemans, Wannes; Ende, Wim Van den

doi:10.3390/ijms21165885

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Our data indicate that both inulin-and levan-type fructans can enhance Arabidopsis immunity against the necrotroph B. cinerea, irrespective of their origin (Figure 1) and without directly inhibiting the germination or growth of B. cinerea. However, for unclear reasons, the effects of Dactylis levans in the context of the B. cinerea/Arabidopsis pathosystem were marginal as compared to the recently reported Venturia inaequalis/apple pathosystem [62]. Chicory inulin with a higher DP (fructans with terminal Glc) showed higher protective effects as compared to p95, a fructan with a lower DP (mainly fructans without terminal Glc).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Fructans Prime ROS Dynamics and Botrytis cinerea Resistance in Arabidopsis

et al. 2020

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Naturally derived molecules can be used as priming or defense stimulatory agents to protect against biotic stress. Fructans have gained strong interest due to their ability to induce resistance in a number of crop species. In this study, we set out to establish the role of fructan-induced immunity against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that both inulin- and levan-type fructans from different sources can enhance Arabidopsis resistance against B. cinerea. We found that inulin from chicory roots and levan oligosaccharides from the exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium Halomonas smyrnensis primed the NADPH-oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in response to the elicitors flg22, derived from the bacterial flagellum, and oligogalacturonides (OGs), derived from the host cell wall. Neither induced a direct ROS burst typical of elicitors. We also found a primed response after infection with B. cinerea for H2O2 accumulation and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. Sucrose accumulated as a consequence of fructan priming, and glucose and sucrose levels increased in fructan-treated plants after infection with B. cinerea. This study shows that levan-type fructans, specifically from bacterial origin, can prime plant defenses and that both inulin and levan oligosaccharide-mediated priming is associated with changes in ROS dynamics and sugar metabolism. Establishing fructan-induced immunity in Arabidopsis is an important step to further study the underlying mechanisms since a broad range of biological resources are available for Arabidopsis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Fructans Prime ROS Dynamics and Botrytis cinerea Resistance in Arabidopsis

et al. 2020

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“…Columns were washed 6 times with 200 µL ddH 2 O and the flow through diluted 1:1 in 20 µM rhamnose H 2 O serving as internal standard. Samples were quantified by injecting 6 µL on a High performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) Dionex 5000 (Thermo Scientific, Whaltam, MA, USA) with separation on a CarboPac PA100 column (Thermo Scientific, Whaltam, MA, USA) and a mobile phase of 90 mM NaOH, as described previously [ 47 ]. Concentrations were calculated using standards of 10 µM of each sugar running alongside.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spermine and Spermidine Priming against Botrytis cinerea Modulates ROS Dynamics and Metabolism in Arabidopsis

2021

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Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous small aliphatic polycations important for growth, development, and environmental stress responses in plants. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous application of spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) induced cell death at high concentrations, but primed resistance against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. At low concentrations, Spm was more effective than Spd. Treatments with higher exogenous Spd and Spm concentrations resulted in a biphasic endogenous PA accumulation. Exogenous Spm induced the accumulation of H2O2 after treatment but also after infection with B. cinerea. Both Spm and Spd induced the activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase after treatment but also after infection with B. cinerea. The soluble sugars glucose, fructose, and sucrose accumulated after treatment with high concentrations of PAs, whereas only Spm induced sugar accumulation after infection. Total and active nitrate reductase (NR) activities were inhibited by Spm treatment, whereas Spd inhibited active NR at low concentrations but promoted active NR at high concentrations. Finally, γaminobutyric acid accumulated after treatment and infection in plants treated with high concentrations of Spm. Phenylalanine and asparagine also accumulated after infection in plants treated with a high concentration of Spm. Our data illustrate that Spm and Spd are effective in priming resistance against B. cinerea, opening the door for the development of sustainable alternatives for chemical pesticides.

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“…Soluble sugars were extracted and quantified as before [61]. Ground leaf material (100 mg) was extracted in 1 mL of ddH 2 O by boiling for 15 min at 95 • C. Samples were vortexed and centrifuged for 10 min at 15,000× g and 200 µL of supernatant applied to a Dowex ® (Acros Organics, Morris Plains, NJ, USA) anion and cation exchange column.…”

Section: Soluble Sugar Extraction Processing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming with γ-Aminobutyric Acid against Botrytis cinerea Reshuffles Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species: Dissecting Signalling and Metabolism

Rensburg

Ende

2020

Antioxidants

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The stress-inducible non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to alleviate several (a)biotic stresses in plants. GABA forms an important link between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and has been proposed as a signalling molecule in plants. Here, we set out to establish GABA as a priming compound against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and how metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are influenced after GABA treatment and infection. We show that GABA already primes disease resistance at low concentrations (100 µM), comparable to the well-characterized priming agent β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA). Treatment with GABA reduced ROS burst in response to flg22 (bacterial peptide derived from flagellum) and oligogalacturonides (OGs). Plants treated with GABA showed reduced H2O2 accumulation after infection due to increased activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. Contrary to 100 µM GABA treatments, 1 mM exogenous GABA induced endogenous GABA before and after infection. Strikingly, 1 mM GABA promoted total and active nitrate reductase activity whereas 100 µM inhibited active nitrate reductase. Sucrose accumulated after GABA treatment, whereas glucose and fructose only accumulated in treated plants after infection. We propose that extracellular GABA signalling and endogenous metabolism can be separated at low exogenous concentrations.

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Sweet Immunity: The Effect of Exogenous Fructans on the Susceptibility of Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to Venturia inaequalis

Cited by 18 publications

References 77 publications

Fructans Prime ROS Dynamics and Botrytis cinerea Resistance in Arabidopsis

Fructans Prime ROS Dynamics and Botrytis cinerea Resistance in Arabidopsis

Spermine and Spermidine Priming against Botrytis cinerea Modulates ROS Dynamics and Metabolism in Arabidopsis

Priming with γ-Aminobutyric Acid against Botrytis cinerea Reshuffles Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species: Dissecting Signalling and Metabolism

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