Sweet Corn Cultivars Respond Differentially to the Herbicide Nicosulfuron

Abstract

<jats:p>Twelve sweet corn <jats:italic>(Zea mays</jats:italic> L. var. <jats:italic>rugosa</jats:italic> Bonaf.) cultivars were tested for response to nicosulfuron at rates of 0, 18, 36, and 72 g a.i./ha. Weight of marketable ears indicated that five cultivars were intolerant to the herbicide. Three of the cultivars that were intolerant contained the <jats:italic>shrunken-2</jats:italic> endosperm mutant <jats:italic>(sh)</jats:italic> and two contained the <jats:italic>sugary enhancer</jats:italic> endosperm mutant (se). Cultivars that were most tolerant of nicosulfuron contained the <jats:italic>sh,</jats:italic> gene. Incorporation of terbufos insecticide before planting led to decreased marketable yield when nicosulfuron was applied at 36 g·ha in all cultivars tested. Chlorpyrifos insecticide incorporated before planting did not affect tolerance to nicosulfuron. Neither soil-applied insecticide affected yield when nicosulfuron was not applied. Chemical names used: 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfony]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide (nicosulfuron); S-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)thio]methyl] O,O-diethylphosphorodithioate (terbufos); O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothioate (chlorpyrifos).</jats:p>

Response of Eight Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Topramezone

“…Robinson et al (1994) observed that POST applications of nicosulfuron resulted in complete crop loss in one hybrid (Merit), a 50% reduction in yield in another, but no reduction in yield in Zenith. Stall and Bewick (1992) determined that four of 12 hybrids demonstrated a response to nicosulfuron rate and marketable yield was significantly lower at higher rates. Similar sweet corn yield responses were also reported with other herbicides such as AE F130360 (foramsulfuron), CGA 152,005 (prosulfuron), primisulfuron, and rimsulfuron (Diebold et al, 2003;O'Sullivan et al, 1998;Sikkema 2001, 2002;Van Wychen et al, 1997).…”

Glyphosate tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). 1. Differential response among inbred lines

“…For instance, a differential tolerance of corn genotypes has been recently described toward acetochlor (2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)acetamide ; Landi et al ., 1990) and to the sulfonylureas DPX-M6316 (3-((((4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5triazin-2-yl)amino)carbonyl)amino) sulfonyl)2thiophene carboxyl acid ; Eberlein et al ., 1989), chlorsulfuron (2-chloroN-(((4-methoxy-6methyl-1,3,5triazin-2-yl)amino)carbonyl) -benzene sulfonamide : Landi et al ., 1989) primisulfuron (2-(3-(4,6-bis(difluoromethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl)ureidosulfonyl) benzoic acid methyl ester ; Harms et al ., 1990), and nicosulfuron (2-(((((4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) amino)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl) N,Ndimethyl-3-pyridine carboxamide ; Stall & Bewick, 1992) . On the other hand, a differential response to glyphosate has been reported among weeds (Duncan & Weller, 1987) .…”

Tolerance of Three Sweet Corn Hybrids to a Postemergence Tankmix of Nicosulfuron plus Bromoxynil

“…O'Sullivan et al (2000 observed complete yield loss in 'Delmonte 2038', no yield loss in some other hybrids, and moderate yield reductions in some hybrids that were more severe at 50 g·ha -1 nicosulfuron than at 25 g·ha -1 . Stall and Bewick (1992) determined that four of twelve hybrids demonstrated a response to nicosulfuron rate whereby marketable yield was significantly lower at 72 g·ha -1 than at 18 g·ha -1 . This body of evidence indicates that yield reduction in sweet corn in response to nicosulfuron application is both hybrid and rate dependant.…”

“…Sweet corn hybrids exhibit differential tolerance to nicosulfuron. Some hybrids are completely tolerant while others are extremely sensitive (Grey et al, 2000;Morton and Harvey 1992;O'Sullivan et al, 2000;Robinson et al, 1993Robinson et al, , 1994Stall and Bewick 1992). Bouw (1998) andO'Sullivan et al (1995) observed significant injury to some sweet corn hybrids (notably Delmonte 2038, Merit, and Silver Extra Sweet) when nicosulfuron-rimsulfuron was applied at 25 or 50 g·ha -1 .…”

“…These herbicides have a more favorable environmental profile than atrazine because they are active at low doses, have low potential for groundwater contamination, and have low mammalian toxicity. Nicosulfuron controls many annual grass weeds (Dobbels and Kapusta, 1993;DuPont, 2003), quackgrass Harvey, 1992), reduced marketable yield (Stall and Bewick, 1992), and decreased leaf number (Robinson et al, 1994). Nicosulfuron injury is often greater when sweet corn is treated with an organophosphorus insecticide (eg terbufos) as both pesticides are metabolized by the same metabolic pathway (Stall and Bewick, 1992;Williams and Harvey, 1996).…”