Swedish Culex torrentium and Cx. pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) as Experimental Vectors of Ockelbo Virus

Lundström, Jan O.; Niklasson, Bo; Francy, D. B.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/27.4.561

Cited by 51 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Similar results are reported for Culex tarsalis (western equine encephalitis virus), 26 Culex torrentium (Okelbo virus), 27 and for Ae. albopictus (chikungunya virus) 28 in which mosquitoes became infected when fed on hosts with undetectable viremias.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Limited potential for transmission of live dengue virus vaccine candidates by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

Sardelis¹,

Edelman²,

Klein³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. To evaluate the transmission risk of four live dengue (DEN) vaccine candidates developed by the U. S. Army (DEN-1, 45AZ5 PDK 20; DEN-2, S16803 PDK 50; DEN-3, CH53489 PDK 20; and DEN-4, 341750 PDK 20), we tested 3,010 Aedes aegypti and 1,576 Aedes albopictus mosquitoes blood-fed on 21 volunteers who had been administered one of the four vaccine candidates or the licensed yellow fever (YF) vaccine (17D). We used an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect DEN or YF viral antigen in the heads of mosquitoes. Corresponding to the lack of a detectable viremia among volunteers inoculated 8-13 days previously with live DEN-1 or DEN-2 vaccine candidates, only six mosquitoes developed disseminated infections after feeding on these volunteers. These six mosquitoes included 4 of 247 Ae. albopictus fed on volunteers inoculated with the DEN-1 vaccine candidate and 2 of 528 Ae. aegypti fed on volunteers inoculated with the DEN-2 vaccine candidate. Infection was confirmed in each of these IFA-positive mosquitoes by isolating infectious virus from the mosquito's body in Vero-cell culture. None of the 1,252 or the 969 mosquitoes fed on DEN-3 or DEN-4 recipients, respectively, were infected. Overall, dissemination rates in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti were low. Dissemination rates were 0.5%, 0.3%, Ͻ 0.1%, and Ͻ 0.1% for the DEN-1 through DEN-4 vaccine candidates, respectively. Because of the observed low dissemination rates, it is unlikely that these vaccine viruses would be transmitted under natural conditions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Limited potential for transmission of live dengue virus vaccine candidates by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

Sardelis¹,

Edelman²,

Klein³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…We have previously shown that adult birds of these three species produce Sindbis viremias several magnitudes higher than required to infect the enzootic vector species Cx. torrentium (Lundströ m et al 1990(Lundströ m et al , 1993. In Sweden, these Turdus species produce two to four clutches of nestlings during the breeding season, and the season extends from April through July.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Sindbis Virus Neutralizing Antibodies Among Swedish Passerines Indicates that Thrushes are the Main Amplifying Hosts

et al. 2001

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The Sindbis virus uses birds as vertebrate hosts in the summer amplification cycle, and the virus is transmitted by ornithophilic Culex species. Previous field and experimental studies have shown that mainly passerine birds are involved in the amplification. To delineate the pattern of Sindbis virus infections among passerines, we collected and sampled birds for blood at five study sites located in northern, central, and southern Sweden. All study sites were lowland forested wetlands and humid forests. The blood samples were assayed for Sindbis neutralizing antibodies, and we tested if the prevalence of Sindbis antibodies varied in relation to bird characteristics (i.e., species, body-mass, sex, and age), and environmental factors (i.e., year, month, and location). We found that Sindbis virus infections occurred in almost all passerine species sampled, but that the infection prevalence was unequally distributed among species. The fieldfare, the redwing, and the songthrush each had significantly higher prevalence than the average for all species. Large passerine species had higher infection prevalence than small species. The infection was less prevalent in hatching-year birds than in older birds during June and July, but not in August. Males and females had the same infection prevalence. The prevalence of Sindbis antibodies was higher in central than in southern Sweden, which coincided with a higher proportion of fieldfare-redwing-songthrush samples in the central region of the country. Thus, it is possible that regional and annual variations in the prevalence of Sindbis antibodies in Swedish passerine species depend on the number of fieldfares, redwings, and songthrushes available for feeding by vector mosquitoes.

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“…In Europe, these are Culex pipiens, Culex torrentium (principal enzootic vector in Sweden), Culiseta morsitans, Coquillettidia richiardii, Ochlerotatus communis, Ochlerotatus excrucians, Aedes cinereus, and Anopheles hyrcanus (Berezin et al 1972;Francy et al 1989;Lundström et al 1990a, b;Turell et al 1990;Lvov et al 1984Lvov et al , 1985. Laboratory transmission of SINV was documented also in Aedes albopictus (Dohm et al 1995).…”

Section: Mosquito-borne Human Pathogenic Viruses Autochthonous In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito-borne viruses in Europe

2008

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The number of mosquito-borne viruses ('moboviruses') occurring in Europe since the twentieth century now stands at ten; they belong to three families-Togaviridae (Sindbis, Chikungunya), Flaviviridae (West Nile, Usutu, Dengue), and Bunyaviridae (Batai, Tahyna, Snowshoe hare, Inkoo, Lednice). Several of them play a definite role in human or animal pathology (Sindbis, Chikungunya, Dengue, West Nile, Tahyna). Mobovirus outbreaks are strictly determined by the presence and/or import of particular competent vectors of the disease. Ecological variables affect moboviruses considerably; the main factors are population density of mosquito vectors and their vertebrate hosts, intense summer precipitations or floods, summer temperatures and drought, and presence of appropriate habitats, e.g., wetlands, small water pools, or intravillan sewage systems. A surveillance for moboviruses and the diseases they cause in Europe is recommendable, because the cases may often pass unnoticed or misdiagnosed not only in free-living vertebrates but also in domestic animals and even in humans.

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Swedish Culex torrentium and Cx. pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) as Experimental Vectors of Ockelbo Virus

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Limited potential for transmission of live dengue virus vaccine candidates by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

Limited potential for transmission of live dengue virus vaccine candidates by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

Prevalence of Sindbis Virus Neutralizing Antibodies Among Swedish Passerines Indicates that Thrushes are the Main Amplifying Hosts

Mosquito-borne viruses in Europe

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