Sweating and body temperatures following abrupt changes in environmental temperature

Belding, Harwood S.; Hertig, B. A.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1962.17.1.103

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies by Belding and Hertig (1962);McCook et'al. (1965);Stolwijk and Hardy (1966a, b) and those in our own laboratory (Bullard, 196~;Van Beaumont and Bullard, 1965) have been in a range consistent enough to discourage investigators from attributing a sweating drive to skin temperature per se.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enhancement of the effect of the neural impulses.Such a mechanism has also been reported by Lloyd (1961) using the foot pad of the cat and direct neural stimulation. Benjamin (1953) working with small areas of human skin has concluded that local heating facilitates the central effects on the Sweat gland. Ina control system model this action would be represented as a multiplier rather than a summer in its interaction with the neural impulses arriving at the gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of the skin in negative feedback regulation of eccrine sweating

Bullard

Banerjee²,

Intyre³

1967

Int J Biometeorol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The impressive ability of the human body to control rather precisely its internal temperature during periods of exposure to heat~or of increased metabolismj supports the concept that the system involved, like other regulatory systems,utilizes negative feedback control. Questions have arisen, however~ concerning both the location and qharacteristics of the negative feedback connections involved in thermoregulation. In one concept, that vigorously propounded by Benzinger (1964),the primary feedback loop acts via alterations of the hypothalamic temperature. When this temperature~ which is experimentally approximated by intracranial temperatures like that of the tympanic membrane, exceeds a certain reference level or set-point,sweating promptly ensues. The rate of sweating in heat exposure is then proportional to the difference between the hypothalamic temperature and the set-point temperature;this is an example of a continuous proportional control system. Although most thermoregulatory physiologists will agree that the core temperature and the resultant hypothalamic temperature certainly affect the output of the human eccrine sweat glands, disagreement exists as to the role of other possible feedback elements. Benzinger (196~) has stated that sweating in man is not influenced by information originating in heat receptors of the skin. In his hypothesis the sole influence of skin temperature occurs below 33°C;here cold receptors are~imulated and act to inhibit the hypothalamic centers and~ thereby decrease sweating. On the other hand, a recent paper by Stolwijk and Hardy (1966a)presents strong evidence that skin temperature plays a very important role in the regulation of sweating. Before these arguments are resolved, greater understanding of qualitative and quantitative aspects of skin temperature influences, or skin temperature feedback loopspis ~quire&The purpose of this study has been to evaluate two possible feedback influences affected by the thermal status of the skin, These two loops are shown in simplified form in Fig. 1. One of these loops is of a local nature,and concerns the effects of skin or sweat gland temperature~ directly upon the sweat gland activity. This loop is indicated by L on the diagram.The second possible loop involves the activation of thermal receptors, the inflow of afferent thermal information and the neural out, flow to the effector organs, the sweat glands.This loop is indicated by N in Fig.1. The obtaining of experimental evidence to substantiate or disprove the existence of these two negative feedback influences on the rate of sweating is the objective of the experiments reported herein.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the skin in negative feedback regulation of eccrine sweating

Bullard

Banerjee²,

Intyre³

1967

Int J Biometeorol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…5) and more recently Belding and Hertig (ref. 4) have observed steady state sweating values during both rest and exercise to fall on a common line when plotted against tympanic membrane temperature. The intersection of this line with the temperature baseline represents the set point for sweating which would thus be the same for both rest and exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Set Point Temperature in Exercising Dog

Jackson¹,

Hammel²

1963

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In man evaporative loss from the lung isusually regarded as minor and Unregulated in comparison with dermal evaporative loss (Belding and Hertig, 1962;Gagge, 1964;Hardyi 1961;Thauer, 1961). Yet in some warm-blooded vertebrates pulmonary evaporative loss is a main avenue of heat control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental hyperthermia in traumatic quadriplegia

Totel

Johnson²,

Fay³

et al. 1971

Int J Biometeorol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(Study Group 4) INTRODUC TION Some patients with lesions of the spinal cord may have substantial difficulty in thermoregulating under a heat s t r e s s considered mild by able-bodied persons. These patients easily develop heat exhaustion, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by cardiovascular i r r e g u l a r i t i e s , weakness and fatigue, headache, and sometimes syncope. Previous l i t e r a t u r e states that the skin of men or animals with spinal cord injury is g e n e r a lly anhidrotic in a r e a s below the level of the lesion (Leithead and Lind, 1964; Randall, W u r s t e r and Lewin, 1966;Rawson, 1963; Seckendorff and Randall, 1961). If anhidrosis is widespread, as is the case in the c e r v i c a l lesions, the patient may develop hyperthermia.Quantitative studies on spinal man r e v e a l a significant impairment of the t h e r m oregulatory sweat response over a wide area of the body. Guttmann, Silver and Wyndham (1958) observed the behavior of the c o r e t e m p e r a t u r e s of spinal man in the warm air of open wards. Patients with high c e r v i c a l lesions were largely anhidrotic over their body surface and had difficulty in maintaining normal body temperature. Nevertheless, Randall, Wurster and Lewin(1966) concluded that the isolated spinal cord is still capable of mediating a sweat reflex as did Cooper, F e r r e s and Guttmann (1951).We s u r m i s e d that quadriplegies might become hyperthermic when exposed to high ambient t e m p e r a t u r e s or to e x e r c i s e . Therefore, we studied quadriplegic subjects under a controlled heat s t r e s s and measured their thermoregulatory r esponses, thereby further c h a r a c t e r i z i n g quantitatively the quadriplegic disability. MATERIALS AND METHODS SUBJECTS:Six men, each having chronic spinal cord injury in the cervical region (CS to C3), participated in these experiments.Descriptions of their disability, age, and medications are given in Table 1. Nine control experiments were conducted on three able-bodied men under conditions identical to those in the quadriplegic experiments. Table 2 gives the characteristics of all the subjects. Each subject was tested every time at approximately the same time of the day. CONDITIONS:The subjects were submitted to total body heat exposure in an environmental chamber.Base line readings were taken at room temperature, prior to entering the hot chamber.Room conditions were T a 25°C and 50% rh, while those in the hot chamber were T a 38°C and 9% rh. Following base line readings for one hour the subjects were transferred into the environmental chamber for a maximum of 2½ hr. The subject sat inactive throughout the experimental period.

show abstract

Sweating and body temperatures following abrupt changes in environmental temperature

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

The role of the skin in negative feedback regulation of eccrine sweating

The role of the skin in negative feedback regulation of eccrine sweating

Reduced Set Point Temperature in Exercising Dog

Experimental hyperthermia in traumatic quadriplegia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About