Sweat management for military applications

Pan, Ning

doi:10.1533/9781845694517.1.137

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…6 Also, human skin can sweat a lot under high-temperature and high-intensity operations. 49 Therefore, the development of a heat and moisture transfer model helps to simulate the actual fireground, which can then be used to investigate a wider range of design variables of protective clothing and exposure conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved model to analyze radiative heat transfer in flame-resistant fabrics exposed to low-level radiation

2016

Textile Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An improved heat transfer model, based on the two-flux model, in a multilayer flame-resistant fabric system with an air gap was proposed. The developed model considered the thermal radiation by absorbing, transmitting, emitting and reflecting in porous fabrics. The predicted results of the new model were compared with the previous Beer’s law model and the experimental results, and were found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of radiant heat transfer in the multilayer fabric system and the effects of the optical properties of flame-resistant fabric on heat transfer in the fabric system. The numerical results demonstrated that the self-emission in multilayer fabric system increases not only the rate of thermal energy transferred to human skin during thermal exposure, but also the rate of thermal energy transmitting to the ambience during cooling. The fabric’s optical properties have a complex influence on the transmitted and stored energy in multilayer protective clothing. The finding obtained in this study can provide references for the improvement of the thermal protective performance of flame-resistant fabrics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved model to analyze radiative heat transfer in flame-resistant fabrics exposed to low-level radiation

2016

Textile Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the reasons for developing a hyperthermia model in firefighters is that the currently available firefighter suit is required to have high heat insulation and high water impermeability to protect firefighters against burn injuries from external flames (ISO9151 1995;ISO6942 1993;ISO811 1981). However, these properties make it difficult for internally produced heat to dissipate from the skin surface to external environments with reduced radiative and evaporative properties during firefighting (Moran et al 1998;Pan 2008), which results in a continuous increase in core body temperature during the activity and sometimes causes heat illness (Carballo-Leyenda et al 2018;Morel et al 2014;Eglin et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical model to estimate the increase in firefighters’ core temperature during firefighting activity with a portable calorimeter

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We developed a mathematical model to estimate the increase in firefighters' core body temperature from energy expenditure (EE) measured by accelerometry to prevent heat illness during firefighting. Wearing firefighter personal protective equipment, seven male subjects aged 23-42 years underwent a graded walking test on a treadmill while esophageal temperature (T es ) and skin temperature were measured with thermocouples and EE was measured with a tri-axial accelerometer. To estimate the increase in T es from EE, we proposed a mathematical model composed of the heat capacity of active muscles (C 1 , kcal•°C −1 ), the heat capacity of the sum of resting muscles and skin (C 2 ), the resistance to heat flux from C 1 to C 2 (R 1 ,°C•min•kcal −1 ), and the resistance from C 2 to the skin surface (R 2 ). We determined the parameters while minimizing the differences between the estimated and measured changes in T es profiles during graded walking. We found that C 1 and C 2 in individuals were highly correlated with their body weight (kg) and body surface area (m 2 ), respectively, whereas R 1 and R 2 were similar across subjects. When the profiles of measured T es (y) and estimated T es (x) were pooled in all subjects, they were almost identical and were described by a regression equation without an intercept, y = 0.96x (r = 0.96, P < 0.0001), with a mean difference of − 0.01 ± 0.12°C (mean ± SD) ranging from − 0.18 to 1.56°C of the increase in T es by Bland-Altman analysis. Thus, the model can be used for firefighters to prevent heat illness during firefighting.

show abstract

“…Moreover, there are situations where the surrounding environment can vary drastically, and present extreme weather conditions. The literature indicates that the temperature fluctuation on Earth can be as high as 147 o C [9], demanding products to be simultaneously suited to jungle, desert and arctic climates. It must be stated, nonetheless, that the problems faced by the soldiers reach additional dimensions beyond the weather conditions, including intense physical and physiological burdens (such weight, demanding body movement), chemical, biological and other war-related hazards [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature indicates that the temperature fluctuation on Earth can be as high as 147 o C [9], demanding products to be simultaneously suited to jungle, desert and arctic climates. It must be stated, nonetheless, that the problems faced by the soldiers reach additional dimensions beyond the weather conditions, including intense physical and physiological burdens (such weight, demanding body movement), chemical, biological and other war-related hazards [9]. An example is a recent conflict in Falklands, where the cold injuries, most notably trench foot, have led the commanders to bring the war to a close [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Textiles - An Overview of New Developments

Steffens

Gralha

Ferreira

et al. 2019

KEM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Textiles for military clothing face a complex set of challenges. They must provide protection, durability and comfort in a wide range of hostile environments. The general requirements of military textiles include damage resistance, comfort, sweat management, cold-weather conditions and the integration of high-tech materials into uniforms. This paper discusses the main concepts regarding the application of textiles in military uses, where the surrounding environments such as desert, jungle or extremely cold areas as well as the nature of the situations involved pose a threat to the soldier’s safety. Therefore, the improvement and development of fibrous materials, textile structures and finishing processes can bring new perspectives for saving lives.

show abstract

Sweat management for military applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

An improved model to analyze radiative heat transfer in flame-resistant fabrics exposed to low-level radiation

An improved model to analyze radiative heat transfer in flame-resistant fabrics exposed to low-level radiation

Mathematical model to estimate the increase in firefighters’ core temperature during firefighting activity with a portable calorimeter

Military Textiles - An Overview of New Developments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About