Sweat lead levels in persons with high blood lead levels: experimental elevation of blood lead by ingestion of lead chloride

Omokhodion, Folashade O.; Crockford, G. W.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(91)90360-q

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Anderson et al [ 50 ] suggested that maintaining a healthy lifestyle could assist women in conceiving, and that, to aid in conception, infertile couples should adopt a healthy lifestyle that includes regular physical activity, not smoking, and not consuming alcohol. According to previous studies, the perspiration caused by increased physical activity can increase heavy-metal excretion [ 51 – 53 ], which may reduce blood Pb, Cd, and As levels and enhance fecundity. As shown in Table 1 , the infertile women habitually consumed alcohol, markedly higher (27.7 %) than that of pregnant women (11.5 %).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between risk factors for infertility in women and lead, cadmium, and arsenic blood levels: a cross-sectional study from Taiwan

Lei

Wei

et al. 2015

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundThe World Health Organization reported that more than 10 % of women are severely affected by infertility, making the condition a major worldwide public health problem. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) are environmental pollutants that may contribute to reproductive disorders. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between blood concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As and risk factors for infertility in women.MethodsWomen who were infertile (N = 310) or pregnant (N = 57) were recruited from the gynecology and obstetrics department of a hospital. The participants were interviewed to obtain their sociodemographic, reproductive, and lifestyle information. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As in their blood samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsOur findings suggested that the concentrations of Pb and As, but not Cd, were significantly higher in the blood of infertile women than in that of pregnant women. A higher percentage of the infertile women consumed more alcohol, used Chinese herbal medicine more frequently, and lacked physical activity compared with the pregnant women. After accounting for potentially relevant predictors, we observed that blood Pb levels might be elevated by using Chinese herbal medicine 1–6 times per week (aOR = 2.82, p = 0.05). In addition, engaging in physical activity 1–2 times per week (aOR = 0.37, p = 0.05) might assist in reducing Pb accumulation in infertile women, though the p value was borderline.ConclusionsLack of physical activity and frequent use of Chinese herbal medicine may be associated with elevated blood Pb levels in infertile women. Chinese herbal medicine use was observed to increase the Pb body burden of both infertile and pregnant women in this study. The risk–benefit for Chinese herbal medicine intake should be evaluated by women of childbearing age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between risk factors for infertility in women and lead, cadmium, and arsenic blood levels: a cross-sectional study from Taiwan

Lei

Wei

et al. 2015

BMC Public Health

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“…Sweating was induced by sauna, exercise, or pilocarpine iontophoresis to measure the concentration of the heavy metals in the sweat, while sauna and exercise were used for therapy. Study participants included workers with occupational exposures and individuals with no occupational exposures who were well or experiencing chronic ill health, and in two studies participants were intentionally dosed with lead [34, 37]. Studies that have examined the presence of toxic metals in sweat are summarized in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4, for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They suggested that the elimination route was not urine, but potentially sweat or/and bile. Omokhodion and Crockford carried out several studies of trace elements in sweat, including a study of lead ingestion by two human participants [34]. Sweat lead levels did not increase immediately with elevated blood lead, although the authors make reference to an older study with longer followup wherein lead in underarm pads doubled in the five days following ingestion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Sweat: A Systematic Review

Sears

Kerr

Bray

2012

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury exposures are ubiquitous. These toxic elements have no physiological benefits, engendering interest in minimizing body burden. The physiological process of sweating has long been regarded as “cleansing” and of low risk. Reports of toxicant levels in sweat were sought in Medline, Embase, Toxline, Biosis, and AMED as well as reference lists and grey literature, from inception to March 22, 2011. Of 122 records identified, 24 were included in evidence synthesis. Populations, and sweat collection methods and concentrations varied widely. In individuals with higher exposure or body burden, sweat generally exceeded plasma or urine concentrations, and dermal could match or surpass urinary daily excretion. Arsenic dermal excretion was severalfold higher in arsenic-exposed individuals than in unexposed controls. Cadmium was more concentrated in sweat than in blood plasma. Sweat lead was associated with high-molecular-weight molecules, and in an interventional study, levels were higher with endurance compared with intensive exercise. Mercury levels normalized with repeated saunas in a case report. Sweating deserves consideration for toxic element detoxification. Research including appropriately sized trials is needed to establish safe, effective therapeutic protocols.

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Influence of Bone-Lead Stores on the Observed Effectiveness of Lead Hazard Intervention

Rust

Kumar

Burgoon

et al. 1999

Environmental Research

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Sweat lead levels in persons with high blood lead levels: experimental elevation of blood lead by ingestion of lead chloride

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Relationship between risk factors for infertility in women and lead, cadmium, and arsenic blood levels: a cross-sectional study from Taiwan

Relationship between risk factors for infertility in women and lead, cadmium, and arsenic blood levels: a cross-sectional study from Taiwan

Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Sweat: A Systematic Review

Influence of Bone-Lead Stores on the Observed Effectiveness of Lead Hazard Intervention

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