With the rapid development of the Internet and the advancement of information technology, the server storage model is difficult to cope with the storage and management of data by companies or departments, and the file system becomes more and more complex. The purpose of this paper is to study the distributed system development process of fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm based on load balancing. This paper takes the distributed file system as the research object, points out the load skew problem in the process of load balancing, and analyzes the reason according to the file system architecture and design concept. Based on the concepts of static load balancing and dynamic load balancing, an optimal load balancing algorithm of FastDFS is proposed. The algorithm can not only ensure the load sharing ability of the system, improve the stability of the system, but also prevent the load imbalance in the process of linear expansion of the system, and overcome the original load balancing problem. Experiments show that the distributed system constructed in this paper has better resource scheduling performance, and the real-time load is also optimized to some extent.