Swallow Safety is Determined by Bolus Volume During Infant Feeding in an Animal Model

Mayerl, Christopher J.; Myrla, Alexis M; Gould, François D. H.; Bond, Laura E.; Stricklen, Bethany M.; German, Rebecca Z.

doi:10.1007/s00455-020-10118-x

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Physiologic data included in these analyses were taken from previous studies whereby videofluoroscopic data was recorded at seven days (roughly equivalent to 1–2 months post-natal in humans) and 17 days postnatal (roughly equivalent to 6–9 months of human development) [ 6 , 29 , 30 ]. At postnatal day seven, the preterm infant pigs were capable of maintaining their body temperature outside of animal care facilities and could feed safely during recordings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At postnatal day seven, the preterm infant pigs were capable of maintaining their body temperature outside of animal care facilities and could feed safely during recordings. Postnatal day 17 was chosen in previous as an approximate point at which weaning could occur [ 6 , 29 , 30 ]. Physiological measures were identified in videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) recordings as described in previous work [ 6 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does birth weight affect neonatal body weight, growth, and physiology in an animal model?

et al. 2021

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Infant birth weight affects neuromotor and biomechanical swallowing performance in infant pig models. Preterm infants are generally born low birth weight and suffer from delayed development and neuromotor deficits. These deficits include critical life skills such as swallowing and breathing. It is unclear whether these neuromotor and biomechanical deficits are a result of low birth weight or preterm birth. In this study we ask: are preterm infants simply low birth weight infants or do preterm infants differ from term infants in weight gain and swallowing behaviors independent of birth weight? We use a validated infant pig model to show that preterm and term infants gain weight differently and that birth weight is not a strong predictor of functional deficits in preterm infant swallowing. We found that preterm infants gained weight at a faster rate than term infants and with nearly three times the variation. Additionally, we found that the number of sucks per swallow, swallow duration, and the delay of the swallows relative to the suck cycles were not impacted by birth weight. These results suggest that any correlation of developmental or swallowing deficits with reduced birth weight are likely linked to underlying physiological immaturity of the preterm infant.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does birth weight affect neonatal body weight, growth, and physiology in an animal model?

et al. 2021

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“…Animals utilized in this study were part of a larger study on determining the effects of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lesion and preterm birth on infant feeding performance ( Mayerl et al. 2020a , 2020b ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2019 ), we predicted that the excursion of the soft palate and palatopharyngeal arch of preterm pigs would be less than their term counterparts throughout infancy. We also predicted that preterm pigs’ arches would reach the point of maximal constriction earlier in the swallow than those of term pigs, as they swallow smaller boluses of milk than term pigs ( Mayerl et al. 2020a ), and may have narrower pharynxes, which suggests that the palatopharyngeal arch would reach its point of maximum constriction earlier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Preterm Birth Impacts the Timing and Excursion of Oropharyngeal Structures during Infant Feeding

Edmonds

Catchpole

Gould

et al. 2020

Integrative Organismal Biology

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Swallowing in mammals requires the precise coordination of multiple oropharyngeal structures, including the palatopharyngeal arch. During a typical swallow, the activity of the palatopharyngeus muscle produces pharyngeal shortening to assist in producing pressure required to swallow and may initiate epiglottal flipping to protect the airway. Most research on the role of the palatopharyngeal arch in swallowing has used pharyngeal manometry, which measures the relative pressures in the oropharynx, but does not quantify the movements of the structures involved in swallowing. In this study, we assessed palatopharyngeal arch and soft palate function by comparing their movements in a healthy population to a pathophysiological population longitudinally through infancy (term versus preterm pigs). In doing so, we test the impact of birth status, postnatal maturation and their interaction on swallowing. We tracked the three-dimensional movements of radiopaque beads implanted into relevant anatomical structures and recorded feeding via biplanar high-speed videofluoroscopy. We then calculated the total three-dimensional excursion of the arch and soft palate, the orientation of arch movement, and the timing of maximal arch constriction during each swallow. Soft palate excursion was greater in term infants at both seven and 17 days postnatal, whereas arch excursion was largely unaffected by birth status. Maximal arch constriction occurred much earlier in preterm pigs relative to term pigs, a result that was consistent across age. There was no effect of postnatal age on arch or soft palate excursion. Preterm and term infants differed in their orientation of arch movement, which most likely reflects both differences in anatomy and differences in feeding posture. Our results suggest that the timing and coordination of oropharyngeal movements may be more important to feeding performance than the movements of isolated structures, and that differences in the neural control of swallowing and its maturation in preterm and term infants may explain preterm swallowing deficits.

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Nipple properties affect sensorimotor integration during bottle feeding in an infant pig model

et al. 2023

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Infant feeding is a critical neurological milestone in development defined by the coordination of muscles, peripheral nerves, and brainstem nuclei. In infants, milk flow rate is often limited to improve feeding performance without treating the underlying deficiencies in the sucking and swallowing processes. Modification of the neuromotor response via sensory information from the nipple during bottle feeding is an unexplored avenue for physiology‐based interventions. In this study, we assessed how differences in nipple hole size and nipple stiffness affect sucking muscle activation and subsequent movement. We fabricated four bottle nipples of varying hole size and stiffness to determine how variation in nipple properties affects the sucking behavior of infant pigs. Our results demonstrate that sensory information from the nipple affects sucking motor output. Nipple hole sizes and stiffnesses with a larger milk flow rate resulted in greater muscle activity and kinematic movement. Additionally, our results suggest that sensorimotor interventions are better directed toward modulating tongue function rather than the mandible movements due to a greater response to sensory information. Understanding how sensory information influences infant feeding is instrumental in promoting effective infant feeding.

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Swallow Safety is Determined by Bolus Volume During Infant Feeding in an Animal Model

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

Does birth weight affect neonatal body weight, growth, and physiology in an animal model?

Does birth weight affect neonatal body weight, growth, and physiology in an animal model?

Preterm Birth Impacts the Timing and Excursion of Oropharyngeal Structures during Infant Feeding

Nipple properties affect sensorimotor integration during bottle feeding in an infant pig model

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