SWAG Injection on the Siri Field - An Optimized Injection System for Less Cost

Quale, Eileen; Crapez, Benedicte; Stensen, Jan; Berge, Lars Ivar Oppedal

doi:10.2523/65165-ms

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…• Injectivity problems Owing to the low density of gas, the gas hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the well is very small compared to that of any liquid. This implies reduced bottom hole pressures and its pressure differential with that of the formation, which ultimately affects the gas flow rate (Strom et al 1973;Quale et al 2000).…”

Section: North Sea Eor Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more recent application is in the Siri field (see Table 5), and an increased oil recovery of 6% compared to a water injection scheme was reported. In the Siri field, during WAG injection, rapid segregation of gas to the top of the formation affected the microscopic sweep of the bottom oil (Quale et al 2000). This led to a change from WAG to SWAG in 1999.…”

Section: Simultaneous Water Alternating Gas (Swag) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SWAG therefore delays gas breakthrough leading to reduced gas oil ratios (GOR). It has also been reported that in the Siri field, SWAG reduced the gas recompression requirements (Quale et al 2000). However, besides the envisaged advantages of SWAG, WAG is still the most common scheme in the North Sea.…”

Section: Simultaneous Water Alternating Gas (Swag) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of gas enhanced oil recovery schemes used in the North Sea

Gbadamosi

Kiwalabye

Junin

et al. 2018

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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The rate of replacement of produced oil and gas reserves by new discoveries is in a state of steady decline. Instead of searching for rare new oil fields, it is more economically justified to improve production from the existing and known fields. This is often achieved using enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies. The application of EOR in the North Sea dates to the mid-1970's with most of the fields being flooded with gas due to their light oils. Following a critical review of relevant published literature, the EOR methods in the past five decades are: water alternating gas (WAG), miscible gas injection (MGI), foam assisted water alternating gas (FAWAG), simultaneous water and gas (SWAG), and microbial enhanced oil recovery. The first part of this paper explores the advantages and limitations of the field implementation of gas EOR methods in North Sea oil fields. In the second part, new screening criteria of WAG, SWAG, MGI and FAWAG were developed by performing statistical analysis of the data from the past field experiences, especially in the North Sea. The screening criteria of the future methods are clearly documented in the literature and therefore not covered in this study. From the screening criteria, it has been identified that most North Sea fields qualify for WAG. This explains why WAG has been the most common scheme in the North Sea. FAWAG should also be implemented either after WAG or SWAG when the residual oil saturation is < 20%.

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Section: North Sea Eor Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simultaneous Water Alternating Gas (Swag) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of gas enhanced oil recovery schemes used in the North Sea

Gbadamosi

Kiwalabye

Junin

et al. 2018

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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“…In a series of high-pressure immiscible CO 2 injection experiments that were performed in micromodel, Sohrabi and Emadi [17] showed that before breakthrough, the oil was displaced by a double-drainage mechanism which was boosted by CO 2 dissolution and viscosity reduction mechanism. They demonstrated that after the CO 2 breakthrough, the main contribution to oil recovery came from the extraction 0.68 nC 4 3.25 iC 5 2.75 nC 5 3.46 C 6 4.91 C 7 4.85 C 8 2.57 C 9 1.30 C 10 2.69 C 11 4 mechanism, in which CO 2 efficiently extracted and recovered part of the oil which was directly in contact with the CO 2 . Despite significant CO 2 dissolution and swelling of the trapped oil which was completely surrounded by water layers, reconnection and recovery of these isolated oil blobs took place in a very limited number of pores.…”

Section: Secondary Immiscible Swaco 2 Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of simultaneous water and CO₂ (SWACO₂) injection for oil recovery in immiscible and near‐miscible conditions: A comparative study

2014

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A simultaneous water and CO2 injection to a dead crude oil has been performed on sandstone cores to evaluate oil recovery under secondary immiscible, secondary near‐miscible, tertiary immiscible, and tertiary near‐miscible injection modes. It is demonstrated that secondary SWACO2 injection as well as tertiary flood is an effective method for oil/residual oil recovery from oil‐saturated/water flooded porous media. In near‐miscible condition, oil recovery is higher than in immiscible condition because there is another active pore‐scale production mechanism in near‐miscible injection besides volumetric displacement mechanism. In secondary near‐miscible SWACO2 injection, the ultimate oil recovery increases by increasing SWAG ratio from 0.2 to 0.4 but due to some limits, e.g., topological effects, prohibiting contact of injected gas with residual oil in pores, altering SWAG ratio from 0.4 to 0.6 showed no essential effect on ultimate oil recovery. Secondary SWACO2 injection can recover higher fraction of oil than tertiary SWACO2 injection. This higher oil recovery results from the oil being more accessible by injected gas due to less water‐shielding effects. The results of this work can be helpful to better recognition and selection of gas‐based oil recovery methods to be implemented in depleted reservoirs.

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“…The pilot test results showed that the SWAG method improved the incremental recovery over waterflood and WAG by 11% and 4.5-5% original oil in place (OOIP), respectively (Ma et al, 1995). SWAG was also implemented in the Siri Field on the Danish continental shelf (North Sea) which showed more than 6% incremental oil recovery over waterflooding (Quale et al, 2000;Berge et al, 2002). Simultaneous water and CO 2 miscible flood in Joffre Viking Pool in Canada was the best CO 2 conformance compared to WAG and continuous gas injection (CGI) with incremental 282…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Optimizing Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO₂ Storage by Simultaneous Water and CO₂ Injection

Kamali

Cinar

2014

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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This paper presents a numerical simulation study to investigate whether simultaneous water and gas (SWAG) injection can co-optimize CO 2 storage and enhanced oil recovery. Compositional displacements in a three-dimensional, layered reservoir model are modeled to examine different injection scenarios for maximizing oil recovery and CO 2 storage capacity. The effects of various CO 2 -water ratios and different miscibility conditions on sweep efficiency, incremental oil recovery and CO 2 storage capacity are investigated. Compositional changes of oil and gas phases, in the presence of mobile water in immiscible, near miscible or miscible SWAG injection are examined. Simulation results show that SWAG injection can enhance oil recovery compared to waterflooding and continuous CO 2 injection by 6 to 21% the original oil in place. The optimum gas fraction in injection fluid increases as miscibility develops. When CO 2 is injected simultaneously with water, 30-60% of injected CO 2 can be stored with optimum injection ratios depending on the miscibility condition. On the contrary, in continuous gas injection, both oil recovery and CO 2 storage capacity increase with miscibility. The simulation results also reveal that, for the reservoir studied, near miscible SWAG injection yields the highest oil recovery and storage efficiency in shortest operating duration.

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SWAG Injection on the Siri Field - An Optimized Injection System for Less Cost

Abstract: TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractSimultaneous

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

A review of gas enhanced oil recovery schemes used in the North Sea

A review of gas enhanced oil recovery schemes used in the North Sea

Experimental investigation of simultaneous water and CO₂ (SWACO₂) injection for oil recovery in immiscible and near‐miscible conditions: A comparative study

Co-Optimizing Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO₂ Storage by Simultaneous Water and CO₂ Injection

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SWAG Injection on the Siri Field - An Optimized Injection System for Less Cost

Abstract: TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractSimultaneous

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

A review of gas enhanced oil recovery schemes used in the North Sea

A review of gas enhanced oil recovery schemes used in the North Sea

Experimental investigation of simultaneous water and CO2 (SWACO2) injection for oil recovery in immiscible and near‐miscible conditions: A comparative study

Co-Optimizing Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage by Simultaneous Water and CO2 Injection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Experimental investigation of simultaneous water and CO₂ (SWACO₂) injection for oil recovery in immiscible and near‐miscible conditions: A comparative study

Co-Optimizing Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO₂ Storage by Simultaneous Water and CO₂ Injection