Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media: Green and Sustainable Syntheses of Biaryls

Abstract

Carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions are among the most important processes in organic chemistry, and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions are among the most widely used protocols for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. These reactions are generally catalyzed by soluble palladium complexes with various ligands. However, the use of toxic organic solvents remains a scientific challenge and an aspect of economical and ecological relevance. This Review will summarize various recently developed significant methods by which the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling was conducted in aqueous media, and analyzes if they are "real green" protocols.

Plant Extract Mediated Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Pd@Graphene Nanocatalyst: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling

“…Suzuki coupling is one of the most useful methods for the synthesis of biaryls and alkene derivatives [43]. These reactions are usually carried out by using various Pd-based catalysts in different organic solvents [44].…”

A fluorescence active catalyst support comprising carbon quantum dots and magnesium oxide doping for stabilization of palladium nanoparticles: Application as a recoverable catalyst for Suzuki reaction in water

“…For instance industries have started employing green chemistry practices such as waste prevention by designing high performance heterogeneous catalysts based on naturally available materials and the use of less toxic solvents and reagents. [8][9][10][11] Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are important approaches for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In recent years, because of high toxicity and price of palladium, growing interest has been paid to development of different heterogeneous palladium catalysts [19][20][21][22].…”

Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Reaction in Aqueous Media

“…近年来, 如何实现水相 Suzuki 反应引起 人们的高度关注. 围绕着如何解决底物水溶性差而引起 的反应速率较低的问题, 相继有水溶性配体 [14] 、添加表 面活性剂 [15] 及使用微波促进反应 [16,17] 等方法见诸文献.…”