Suture-Related Fungal Interstitial Interface Keratitis in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty: A Case Report

Abstract

Interstitial interface keratitis (IIK) in lamellar keratoplasty is a term used to describe infectious keratitis that primarily involves the graft-host interface. It poses specific challenges due to impaired access for microbiological testing and poor penetration of antimicrobial drugs, as well as ease of deeper extension of the microorganism. A 33-year-old male with a medical history of left eye deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) with keratoconus, subsequently complicated with steroid-induced glaucoma controlled with Xen tube insertion, presented with acute left eye pain and redness for two days due to one broken corneal graft suture at 5 o'clock position with infiltrate at the graft-host junction. He was treated for suture-related bacterial keratitis (culture-negative) with intensive single broad-spectrum topical antibiotic after suture removal. However, the condition worsened, with dense stromal infiltrate extending into the graft-host interface junction which further progressed to an endothelial plaque. Systemic and topical antifungal treatments were started with adjunctive intracameral and subconjunctival voriconazole before improvement was observed. The condition was resolved with localized scarring without the need for repeat keratoplasty. The best-corrected vision was maintained at 6/36 due to residual sutured-related astigmatism with no signs of corneal graft rejection. Lamellar keratoplasty poses an increased risk of fungal IIK even after several years if there is a predisposing factor e.g., steroid usage and broken suture. Timely diagnosis and intervention are the keys to ensure an optimal outcome.