Sustaining persistent lava lakes: Observations from high-resolution gas measurements at Villarrica volcano, Chile

Moussallam, Yves; Bani, Philipson; Curtis, Aaron; Barnie, Talfan; Moussallam, Manuel; Peters, Nial; Schipper, C. Ian; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Giudice, Gaetano; Amigo, Á.; Velásquez, Gabriela; Cardona, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.012

Cited by 52 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The situation with lava lakes is intriguing in that rather different degassing trends have been observed from each of the volcanoes targeted to date with high time resolution gas flux observations, e.g., Villarrica, Chile [43], Kīlauea, Hawaii [44] and Erebus, Antarctica [39]. This potentially points to a wide variety of gas flow processes occurring across these systems, which range significantly, both in magmatic viscosities as well as in gas flux magnitudes.…”

Section: Improving Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

McGonigle¹,

Pering²,

Wilkes³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Ultraviolet imaging has been applied in volcanology over the last ten years or so. This provides considerably higher temporal and spatial resolution volcanic gas emission rate data than available previously, enabling the volcanology community to investigate a range of far faster plume degassing processes, than achievable hitherto. To date this has covered rapid oscillations in passive degassing through conduits and lava lakes, as well as puffing and explosions, facilitating exciting connections to be made for the first time between previously rather separate sub disciplines of volcanology. Firstly, there has been corroboration between geophysical and degassing datasets at ≈ 1 Hz expediting more holistic investigations of volcanic source-process behaviour. Secondly, there has been the combination of surface observations of gas release, with fluid dynamic models (numerical, mathematical and laboratory) for gas flow in conduits, in attempts to link subterranean driving flow processes to surface activity types. There has also been considerable research and development concerning the technique itself, covering error analysis and most recently adaptation of smartphone sensors for this application, to deliver gas fluxes at a significantly lower instrumental price point than possible previously. At this decadal juncture in the application of UV imaging in volcanology, this article provides an overview of what has been achieved to date as well as a forward look to potential future research directions, in particular covering the first use of UV cameras to generate volcanic gas composition ratio imagery.

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Section: Improving Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Villarrica, gas flux time series data revealed no stable periodicity in degassing. This is thought to be precluded by turbulent mixing in the lava lake, arising from continuous inflow of magma from the conduit [43].…”

Section: Improving Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

McGonigle¹,

Pering²,

Wilkes³

et al. 2017

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The situation with lava lakes is intriguing, in that rather different degassing trends have been observed from each of the volcanoes targeted to date with high time resolution gas flux observations, e.g., Villarrica, Chile [45], Kīlauea [46], and Erebus [42]. This potentially points to a wide variety of gas flow processes occurring across these systems, which range significantly, both in magmatic viscosities as well as in gas flux magnitudes.…”

Section: Improving the Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Villarrica, gas flux time series data revealed no stable periodicity in degassing. This is thought to be precluded by turbulent mixing in the lava lake arising from continuous inflow of magma from the conduit [45].…”

Section: Improving the Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultraviolet imaging has been applied in volcanology over the last ten years or so. This provides considerably higher temporal and spatial resolution volcanic gas emission rate data than available previously, enabling the volcanology community to investigate a range of far faster plume degassing processes than achievable hitherto. To date, this has covered rapid oscillations in passive degassing through conduits and lava lakes, as well as puffing and explosions, facilitating exciting connections to be made for the first time between previously rather separate sub-disciplines of volcanology. Firstly, there has been corroboration between geophysical and degassing datasets at ≈1 Hz, expediting more holistic investigations of volcanic source-process behaviour. Secondly, there has been the combination of surface observations of gas release with fluid dynamic models (numerical, mathematical, and laboratory) for gas flow in conduits, in attempts to link subterranean driving flow processes to surface activity types. There has also been considerable research and development concerning the technique itself, covering error analysis and most recently the adaptation of smartphone sensors for this application, to deliver gas fluxes at a significantly lower instrumental price point than possible previously. At this decadal juncture in the application of UV imaging in volcanology, this article provides an overview of what has been achieved to date as well as a forward look to possible future research directions.

show abstract

“…This goes beyond the capacity provided previously from scanning or traverse-based differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements of volcanic gas fluxes [3,4], firstly by imaging the plumes and therefore providing detailed spatial information, and secondly by acquiring gas fluxes with at least two orders of magnitude higher temporal resolution than most DOAS techniques. In the former case, this is useful in understanding the behaviour of systems with multiple fumaroles or craters [5,6]; in the latter sense, this has enabled capture of a series of rapid explosive and passive volcanic degassing phenomena for the first time [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera for Volcanic SO2 Emission Measurements

et al. 2017

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Recently, we reported on the development of low-cost ultraviolet (UV) cameras, based on the modification of sensors designed for the smartphone market. These units are built around modified Raspberry Pi cameras (PiCams; ≈USD 25), and usable system sensitivity was demonstrated in the UVA and UVB spectral regions, of relevance to a number of application areas. Here, we report on the first deployment of PiCam devices in one such field: UV remote sensing of sulphur dioxide emissions from volcanoes; such data provide important insights into magmatic processes and are applied in hazard assessments. In particular, we report on field trials on Mt. Etna, where the utility of these devices in quantifying volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions was validated. We furthermore performed side-by-side trials of these units against scientific grade cameras, which are currently used in this application, finding that the two systems gave virtually identical flux time series outputs, and that signal-to-noise characteristics of the PiCam units appeared to be more than adequate for volcanological applications. Given the low cost of these sensors, allowing two-filter SO 2 camera systems to be assembled for ≈USD 500, they could be suitable for widespread dissemination in volcanic SO 2 monitoring internationally.

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Sustaining persistent lava lakes: Observations from high-resolution gas measurements at Villarrica volcano, Chile

Cited by 52 publications

References 57 publications

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

A Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera for Volcanic SO2 Emission Measurements

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