Sustained-release of nutrients by yeast extract-loaded halloysite nanotubes supports bacterial growth

Sustainable artificial coral reef restoration using nanoclays and composite hydrogel microcapsules

“…Biological healing agents are susceptible to the harsh alkaline cement environment and therefore require protection, often provided by solid carriers such as expanded clay, 21 nanoclay, 22 lightweight aggregate, 23 and hydrogels such as calcium alginate (CaAlg) microcapsules. 24,25 Alginate is harvested from brown algae and readily cross-links into a biopolymer with divalent cations such as calcium ions.…”