Sustained‐release delivery of antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of periodontal diseases: Fantasy or already reality?

Abstract

Periodontal diseases are prevalent in humans. Conventional means of combating these diseases involve basic oral hygiene, mostly toothbrushing, use of mouthwashes, and flossing. Supplementary means of treatment, either clinical or pharmaceutical, are often necessary. The use of sustained‐release delivery systems, applied locally to the periodontal pocket, seems to be one feasible approach: local sustained‐release delivery of antibacterial agents to treat periodontal diseases is conceivable. The use of local (intrapocket) sustained‐release delivery systems has numerous clinical, pharmacologic, and toxicologic advantages over conventional treatments for periodontal diseases. Sustained‐release technology has been proven to be effective over the last few decades. Films, gels, and fibers are the three main classical intrapocket pharmaceutical delivery systems. Research today is more focused on improving drug delivery, and less on introducing new drugs. New approaches, eg, those making use of nanotechnology, are emerging for local drug‐delivery systems. The local sustained‐release delivery system concept is innovative and a few products are already commercially available.

A Study on Mesoporous Silica Loaded With Novel Photosensitizers HCE6 and Oxaliplatin for the Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma

“…In addition, Oxaliplatin also has certain neurotoxicity, and even triggers symptoms such as numbness in the end of hands and feet in patients ( 21 ). As research has progressed, studies have shown that drug carrier-mediated delivery alters drug distribution in human, affects local concentrations by controlling the rate of drug release, or targets drug transport to patient foci ( 22 ). MSN has been extensively adopted as a promising drug delivery material over the past decades.…”

Clindamycin as an Alternative Option in Optimizing Periodontal Therapy

“…The periodontal pocket, due to its anatomy, although variable, is a very good site for local delivery of the drug, whose distribution is also facilitated by the crevicular fluid. Drug delivery systems that mold into the particular pocket shape improve bioavailability by encompassing all pocket areas [35]. Therefore, when comparing systemic versus local delivery systems, the latter possess a few advantages, such as a targeted minimal and direct application at the infection site, dose and frequency of administration cutback, gastrointestinal evasion and first pass metabolism, the enhanced compliance of patients and incorporation of additional non-systemically deliverable agents (e.g., chlorhexidine) [36].…”

Current status and future of delivery systems for prevention and treatment of infections in the oral cavity

“…In recent years, nanostructured polymeric fibers have been developed in order to enhance the efficacy of the drugs at the application site [171]. The advantages of nanofibers involve large surface area, high porosity, and high mechanical strength which make it a potential candidate for the application into the periodontal pocket [172]. Electrospinning technique is the mostly used method for the production of nanofibers, which allows adjustment of fiber size, drug loading, and mechanical properties can be adjusted [173].…”