Sustained Perceptual Deficits from Transient Sensory Deprivation

Caras, Melissa L.; Sanes, Dan H.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0837-15.2015

Cited by 66 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Both m and w were unconstrained and ␦ was fixed at 0.1 (the default value set by Psignifit). Prior distributions for FA rate and lapse rate are identical to previous studies in the laboratory (Buran et al, 2014a;Caras and Sanes, 2015) and were determined according to guidelines described previously (Frund et al, 2011).…”

Section: Psychometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the termination of each experiment, animals were perfused with a fixative, and the brains were extracted and sectioned. In selected sections, the recorded area was visualized using an immunohistochemical procedure that selectively labels layers IV and VI in the core auditory cortex (Brückner et al, 1994). Alternate sections were visualized with a Nissl stain.…”

Section: Electrode Implantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify and classify units using a performance metric based on neural responses from trial to trial, we adopted a pattern classifier analysis (Machens et al, 2003;Narayan et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2007;Billimoria et al, 2008;Schneider and Woolley, 2010). The pattern classifier produces a performance metric that is highly dependent on the reliability of a unit's response from trial to trial, thus allowing for the identification, comparison, and quantification of units with highly consistent trial-by-trial responses.…”

Section: Pattern Classifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While prior studies demonstrate that response magnitude changes when animals engage in a broad range of perceptual tasks (Hubel et al, 1959;Spitzer et al, 1988;Burton et al, 1997;Treue and Maunsell, 1999;Reynolds et al, 2000;Steinmetz et al, 2000;Fritz et al, 2003Fritz et al, , 2005Chapman and Meftah, 2005;Elhilali et al, 2007;Schneider et al, 2014;McGinley et al, 2015a), response variability has received less attention because it is thought to scale reliably with firing rate. However, knowledge of response variance is essential to determining the sensitivity of neural signal detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address whether response variability influences sensory encoding, we adopted a signal detection theory (SDT) framework, a model proven useful for establishing the relation between sensory encoding and perceptual abilities (Foley and Legge, 1981;Britten et al, 1992Britten et al, , 1996Parker and Newsome, 1998;Gold and Shadlen, 2001;Luna et al, 2005). SDT posits that the central representation of a stimulus is described by a normally distributed neural signal (e.g., a range of firing rates).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Decline in Response Variability Improves Neural Signal Detection during Auditory Task Performance

Trapp¹,

Buran²,

Sen

et al. 2016

J. Neurosci.

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The detection of a sensory stimulus arises from a significant change in neural activity, but a sensory neuron's response is rarely identical to successive presentations of the same stimulus. Large trial-to-trial variability would limit the central nervous system's ability to reliably detect a stimulus, presumably affecting perceptual performance. However, if response variability were to decrease while firing rate remained constant, then neural sensitivity could improve. Here, we asked whether engagement in an auditory detection task can modulate response variability, thereby increasing neural sensitivity. We recorded telemetrically from the core auditory cortex of gerbils, both while they engaged in an amplitude-modulation detection task and while they sat quietly listening to the identical stimuli. Using a signal detection theory framework, we found that neural sensitivity was improved during task performance, and this improvement was closely associated with a decrease in response variability. Moreover, units with the greatest change in response variability had absolute neural thresholds most closely aligned with simultaneously measured perceptual thresholds. Our findings suggest that the limitations imposed by response variability diminish during task performance, thereby improving the sensitivity of neural encoding and potentially leading to better perceptual sensitivity.

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Section: Psychometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrode Implantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pattern Classifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Decline in Response Variability Improves Neural Signal Detection during Auditory Task Performance

Trapp¹,

Buran²,

Sen

et al. 2016

J. Neurosci.

Self Cite

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show abstract

Organization of orbitofrontal‐auditory pathways in the Mongolian gerbil

Ying

Hamlette

Nikoobakht

et al. 2023

J of Comparative Neurology

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Sound perception is highly malleable, rapidly adjusting to the acoustic environment and behavioral demands. This flexibility is the result of ongoing changes in auditory cortical activity driven by fluctuations in attention, arousal, or prior expectations. Recent work suggests that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) may mediate some of these rapid changes, but the anatomical connections between the OFC and the auditory system are not well characterized. Here, we used virally mediated fluorescent tracers to map the projection from OFC to the auditory midbrain, thalamus, and cortex in a classic animal model for auditory research, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). We observed no connectivity between the OFC and the auditory midbrain, and an extremely sparse connection between the dorsolateral OFC and higher order auditory thalamic regions. In contrast, we observed a robust connection between the ventral and medial subdivisions of the OFC and the auditory cortex, with a clear bias for secondary auditory cortical regions. OFC axon terminals were found in all auditory cortical lamina but were significantly more concentrated in the infragranular layers. Tissue‐clearing and lightsheet microscopy further revealed that auditory cortical‐projecting OFC neurons send extensive axon collaterals throughout the brain, targeting both sensory and non‐sensory regions involved in learning, decision‐making, and memory. These findings provide a more detailed map of orbitofrontal‐auditory connections and shed light on the possible role of the OFC in supporting auditory cognition.

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Variability in auditory processing performance is associated with reading difficulties rather than with history of otitis media

Breadmore,

Halliday,

Carroll

2024

Dyslexia

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The nature and cause of auditory processing deficits in dyslexic individuals have been debated for decades. Auditory processing deficits were argued to be the first step in a causal chain of difficulties, leading to difficulties in speech perception and thereby phonological processing and literacy difficulties. More recently, it has been argued that auditory processing difficulties may not be causally related to language and literacy difficulties. This study compares two groups who have phonological processing impairments for different reasons: dyslexia and a history of otitis media (OM). We compared their discrimination thresholds and response variability to chronological age‐ and reading age‐matched controls, across three auditory processing tasks: frequency discrimination, rise‐time discrimination and speech perception. Dyslexic children showed raised frequency discrimination thresholds in comparison with age‐matched controls but did not differ from reading age‐matched controls or individuals with a history of OM. There were no group differences on speech perception or rise‐time tasks. For the dyslexic children, there was an association between phonological awareness and frequency discrimination response variability, but no association with thresholds. These findings are not consistent with a ‘causal chain’ explanation but could be accounted for within a multiple deficits view of literacy difficulties.

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Sustained Perceptual Deficits from Transient Sensory Deprivation

Cited by 66 publications

References 95 publications

A Decline in Response Variability Improves Neural Signal Detection during Auditory Task Performance

A Decline in Response Variability Improves Neural Signal Detection during Auditory Task Performance

Organization of orbitofrontal‐auditory pathways in the Mongolian gerbil

Variability in auditory processing performance is associated with reading difficulties rather than with history of otitis media

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