“…However, frequent instillation enhances the drug concentration in the blood, and leads to poor patient compliance and systemic side effects. To resolve this conundrum and the shortcomings of traditional eye drops, the development of novel topical administration formulations and ophthalmic drug delivery systems, such as nanosuspensions, nanostructured lipid carriers, liposomes, preformed gels ( Almeida et al, 2014 ), dendrimers ion triggered release ( Zhu et al, 2018c ), ionic resin based suspension, a pH-sensitive system for drug release ( Zhu et al, 2018a , b ), ointments, bioadhesive polymers ( Silva et al, 2017 ; Grimaudo et al, 2019 ) have recently been proposed ( Gan et al, 2009 ; Shen et al, 2009 ; Hagigit et al, 2010 ; Hironaka et al, 2011 ; Sun et al, 2015 ). In particular, nanotechnology has been expected to be applied in the ophthalmic field, and many researchers have provided novel nanomedicines and nanodevices ( Sahoo and Labhasetwar, 2003 ).…”