Sustained Muscle Deoxygenation vs. Sustained High VO2 During High-Intensity Interval Training in Sprint Canoe-Kayak

Paquette, Myriam; Bieuzen, François; Billaut, François

doi:10.3389/fspor.2019.00006

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…SIT, however, has been shown to improve endurance performance in trained cyclists (Laursen et al, 2002 ) and runners (Esfarjani and Laursen, 2007 ). Although time spent at >90% VO 2 max during SIT sessions is low (typically 0–60 s in trained cyclists for an entire training session), it has been suggested that muscle O 2 demand is high, especially as the number of sprints increases, as suggested by low muscle oxygenation levels (Buchheit et al, 2012 ; Paquette et al, 2019 ). In the present study, both groups increased the peak power output during the Wingate test, but only the chronic application of bilateral IPC prior to SIT sessions improved TT performance in endurance athletes in just 4 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic Preconditioning Enhances Aerobic Adaptations to Sprint-Interval Training in Athletes Without Altering Systemic Hypoxic Signaling and Immune Function

Paradis‐Deschênes

Joanisse

Mauriège

et al. 2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Optimizing traditional training methods to elicit greater adaptations is paramount for athletes. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can improve maximal exercise capacity and up-regulate signaling pathways involved in physiological training adaptations. However, data on the chronic use of IPC are scarce and its impact on high-intensity training is still unknown. We investigated the benefits of adding IPC to sprint-interval training (SIT) on performance and physiological adaptations of endurance athletes. In a randomized controlled trial, athletes included eight SIT sessions in their training routine for 4 weeks, preceded by IPC (3 × 5 min ischemia/5 min reperfusion cycles at 220 mmHg, n = 11) or a placebo (20 mmHg, n = 9). Athletes were tested pre-, mid-, and post-training on a 30 s Wingate test, 5-km time trial (TT), and maximal incremental step test. Arterial O 2 saturation, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, and quadriceps muscle oxygenation changes in total hemoglobin (Δ[THb]), deoxyhemoglobin (Δ[HHb]), and tissue saturation index (ΔTSI) were measured during exercise. Blood samples were taken pre- and post-training to determine blood markers of hypoxic response, lipid-lipoprotein profile, and immune function. Differences within and between groups were analyzed using Cohen's effect size (ES). Compared to PLA, IPC improved time to complete the TT (Mid vs. Post: −1.6%, Cohen's ES ± 90% confidence limits −0.24, −0.40;−0.07) and increased power output (Mid vs. Post: 4.0%, ES 0.20, 0.06;0.35), Δ[THb] (Mid vs. Post: 73.6%, ES 0.70, −0.15;1.54, Pre vs. Post: 68.5%, ES 0.69, −0.05;1.43), Δ[HHb] (Pre vs. Post: 12.7%, ES 0.24, −0.11;0.59) and heart rate (Pre vs. Post: 1.4%, ES 0.21, −0.13;0.55, Mid vs. Post: 1.6%, ES 0.25, −0.09;0.60). IPC also attenuated the fatigue index in the Wingate test (Mid vs. Post: −8.4%, ES −0.37, −0.79;0.05). VO 2 peak and maximal aerobic power remained unchanged in both groups. Changes in blood markers of the hypoxic response, vasodilation, and angiogenesis remained within the normal clinical range in both groups. We concluded that IPC combined with SIT induces greater adaptations in cycling endurance performance that may be related to muscle perfusion and metabolic changes. The absence of elevated markers of immune function suggests that chronic IPC is devoid of deleterious effects in athletes, and is thus a safe and potent ergogenic tool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic Preconditioning Enhances Aerobic Adaptations to Sprint-Interval Training in Athletes Without Altering Systemic Hypoxic Signaling and Immune Function

Paradis‐Deschênes

Joanisse

Mauriège

et al. 2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…It is considered one of the most effective strategies for enhancing performance in athletes. This kind of training consists of alternating short bouts (10–30 s) of high-intensity exercise (>85–90% VO 2max ) interspersed with recovery periods [ 1 , 2 ] Repeated-sprint training (RST) is critical to improving endurance and performance in high-intensity exercise through peripheral muscular adaptations [ 3 ]. In this sense, RST has been one of the most important fitness indicators and has been widely studied [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia

Vasquez-Bonilla

Rojas-Valverde

González-Custodio

et al. 2021

JCM

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Repeated sprint in hypoxia (RSH) is used to improve supramaximal cycling capacity, but little is known about the potential differences between different systems for creating normobaric hypoxia, such as a chamber, tent, or mask. This study aimed to compare the environmental (carbon dioxide (CO2) and wet-globe bulb temperature (WGBT)), perceptual (pain, respiratory difficulty, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE)), and external (peak and mean power output) and internal (peak heart rate (HRpeak), muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood lactate and glucose) workload acute effects of an RSH session when performed inside a tent versus using a mask. Twelve well-trained cyclists (age = 29 ± 9.8 years, VO2max = 70.3 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min) participated in this single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Participants completed four sessions of three sets of five repetitions × 10 s:20 s (180 s rest between series) of all-out in different conditions: normoxia in a tent (RSNTent) and mask-on (RSNMask), and normobaric hypoxia in a tent (RSHTent) and mask-on (RSHMask). CO2 and WGBT levels increased steadily in all conditions (p < 0.01) and were lower when using a mask (RSNMask and RSHMask) than when inside a tent (RSHTent and RSNTent) (p < 0.01). RSHTent presented lower SpO2 than the other three conditions (p < 0.05), and hypoxic conditions presented lower SpO2 than normoxic ones (p < 0.05). HRpeak, RPE, blood lactate, and blood glucose increased throughout the training, as expected. RSH could lead to acute conditions such as hypoxemia, which may be exacerbated when using a tent to simulate hypoxia compared to a mask-based system.

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“…These studies highlight the importance of peripheral adaptations for kayak performance, particularly in the sport-specific training period. Acute and specific changes in muscle oxygenation during various high-intensity interval training sessions suggest that some of the sessions typically performed by kayakers have the potential to induce peripheral adaptations (Paquette et al, 2019 ). However, to our best knowledge, training-induced chronic changes in muscle oxygenation parameters have not been assessed in kayak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a 3-Weeks Training Camp on Muscle Oxygenation, V˙O2 and Performance in Elite Sprint Kayakers

Paquette

Bieuzen²,

Billaut

2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Purpose: Peripheral adaptations, as assessed via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) derived changes in muscle oxygenation (SmO 2), are good predictors of sprint kayak performance. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to assess changes in SmO 2 andVO 2 following a training camp in elite sprint kayakers to evaluate if the training prescribed elicits peripheral adaptations, and to assess associations between training-induced changes in physiological responses and performance. Methods: Eight male elite sprint kayakers, members of the Canadian National Team, performed a 200-m and 1,000-m on-water time trial (TT) before and after a 3-weeks winter training camp. Change in performance,VO 2 and SmO 2 of the biceps brachii were assessed in relation to training load. Results: Training load and intensity were increased by ∼20% over the course of the training camp, which resulted in a 3.7 ± 1.7% (ES 1.2) and 2.8 ± 2.4% (ES 1.3) improvement in 200-m and 1,000-m performance, respectively. Performance improvement in the 200-m was concomitant to a reduced SmO 2 , an increasedVO 2 peak and an increased reoxygenation rate after the TT. The 1,000-m TT performance improvement was concurrent with a reduced SmO 2 in the last half of the TT and an increasedVO 2 in the first minute of the TT. Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest that peripheral skeletal muscle adaptations occurred in these athletes with the proposed training plan. This further attests the benefit of using portable NIRS as a monitoring tool to track training-induced adaptations in muscle oxygen extraction in elite athletes.

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Sustained Muscle Deoxygenation vs. Sustained High VO2 During High-Intensity Interval Training in Sprint Canoe-Kayak

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Ischemic Preconditioning Enhances Aerobic Adaptations to Sprint-Interval Training in Athletes Without Altering Systemic Hypoxic Signaling and Immune Function

Ischemic Preconditioning Enhances Aerobic Adaptations to Sprint-Interval Training in Athletes Without Altering Systemic Hypoxic Signaling and Immune Function

Tent versus Mask-On Acute Effects during Repeated-Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia and Normoxia

Effect of a 3-Weeks Training Camp on Muscle Oxygenation, V˙O2 and Performance in Elite Sprint Kayakers

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