Sustained Measurements of Southern Ocean Air-Sea Coupling from a Wave Glider Autonomous Surface Vehicle

Thomson, Jim; Girton, James B.

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2017.228

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Examples include Wave Gliders and Saildrones, but there is an ever-growing number of platforms emerging (e.g., Sailbuoy, Autonaut, Navocean's Nav2, and C-Enduro). Autonomous surface vessels are proven to work well in a variety of regions ranging from the tropics to the ice-free polar oceans and in extreme conditions such as enduring multi-month missions in the Southern Ocean (e.g., Monteiro et al, 2015;Schmidt et al, 2017;Thomson and Girton, 2017) or transecting through hurricanes (Lenain and Melville, 2014).…”

Section: Present Capabilities and Challenges Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ship-Based Contributions to Global Ocean, Weather, and Climate Observing Systems

et al. 2019

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The role ships play in atmospheric, oceanic, and biogeochemical observations is described with a focus on measurements made near the ocean surface. Ships include merchant and research vessels; cruise liners and ferries; fishing vessels; coast guard, military, and other government-operated ships; yachts; and a growing fleet of automated surface vessels. The present capabilities of ships to measure essential climate/ocean variables and the requirements from a broad community to address operational, commercial, and scientific needs are described. The authors provide a vision to expand observations needed from ships to understand and forecast the exchanges across the ocean-atmosphere interface. The vision addresses (1) recruiting vessels to improve both spatial and temporal sampling, (2) conducting multivariate sampling on ships, (3) raising technology readiness levels of automated shipboard sensors and ship-to-shore data communications, (4) advancing quality evaluation of observations, and (5) developing a unified data management approach for observations and metadata that meet the needs of a diverse user community. Recommendations are made focusing on integrating private and autonomous vessels into the observing system, investing in sensor and communications technology development, developing an integrated data management structure that includes all types of ships, and moving toward a quality evaluation process that will result in a subset of ships being defined as mobile reference ships that will support climate studies. We envision a future where commercial, research,

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Section: Present Capabilities and Challenges Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ship-Based Contributions to Global Ocean, Weather, and Climate Observing Systems

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, autonomous surface vehicles (e.g., windand wave-powered and Lagrangian platforms) are also filling a growing need for surface-based observations. Recent studies assessing physical air-sea fluxes (Schmidt et al, 2017;Thomson and Girton, 2017) or gas fluxes, notably CO 2 (Monteiro et al, 2015), have demonstrated that surface vehicles are able to collect data for many months.…”

Section: Priorities For Future Observational Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering Sustained, Coordinated, and Integrated Observations of the Southern Ocean for Global Impact

et al. 2019

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Newman et al. The Southern Ocean Observing System time series of key variables, and delivers the greatest impact from data to all key end-users. Although the Southern Ocean remains one of the least-observed ocean regions, enhanced international coordination and advances in autonomous platforms have resulted in progress toward sustained observations of this region. Since 2009, the Southern Ocean community has deployed over 5700 observational platforms south of 40 • S. Large-scale, multi-year or sustained, multidisciplinary efforts have been supported and are now delivering observations of essential variables at space and time scales that enable assessment of changes being observed in Southern Ocean systems. The improved observational coverage, however, is predominantly for the open ocean, encompasses the summer, consists of primarily physical oceanographic variables, and covers surface to 2000 m. Significant gaps remain in observations of the ice-impacted ocean, the sea ice, depths >2000 m, the air-ocean-ice interface, biogeochemical and biological variables, and for seasons other than summer. Addressing these data gaps in a sustained way requires parallel advances in coordination networks, cyberinfrastructure and data management tools, observational platform and sensor technology, twoway platform interrogation and data-transmission technologies, modeling frameworks, intercalibration experiments, and development of internationally agreed sampling standards and requirements of key variables. This paper presents a community statement on the major scientific and observational progress of the last decade, and importantly, an assessment of key priorities for the coming decade, toward achieving the SOOS vision and delivering essential data to all end-users.

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“…Presently, there is only one flux station available at 47 degrees south, 142 degrees East [south of Tasmania Schulz et al (2012)], and it is proposed that such stations, or air-sea interaction buoys, are deployed south of New Zealand, South America and South Africa. Autonomous surface vehicles (ASV), deployed from ships of opportunity or as a dedicated effort have also proved an efficient way of investigating the air-sea interactions in extreme weather (Schmidt et al, 2017;Thomson and Girton, 2017).…”

Section: Severe Extra-tropical Cyclones At Extreme Fetchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, some investigators have begun using autonomous platforms for Metocean measurements in the Southern Ocean. Thomson and Girton (2017) used a wave glider in the Drake Passage during the austral summer of 2017, with a particular focus on measuring directional wave spectra and wind stress (Thomson et al, 2018b). Schmidt et al (2017) also use a wave glider to evaluate model winds in the Southern Ocean.…”

Section: Measurements In the Southern Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waves and Swells in High Wind and Extreme Fetches, Measurements in the Southern Ocean

et al. 2019

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The generation and evolution of ocean waves by wind is one of the most complex phenomena in geophysics, and is of great practical significance. Predictive capabilities of respective wave models, however, are impaired by lack of field in situ observations, particularly in extreme Metocean conditions. The paper outlines and highlights important gaps in understanding the Metocean processes and suggests a major observational program in the Southern Ocean. This large, but poorly investigated part of the World Ocean is home to extreme weather around the year. The observational network would include distributed system of buoys (drifting and stationary) and autonomous surface vehicles (ASV), intended for measurements of waves and air-sea fluxes in the Southern Ocean. It would help to resolve the issues of limiting fetches, extreme Extra-Tropical cyclones, swell propagation and attenuation, wave-current interactions, and address the topics of wave-induced dispersal of floating objects, wave-ice interactions in the Marginal Ice Zone, Metocean climatology and its connection with the global climate.

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Sustained Measurements of Southern Ocean Air-Sea Coupling from a Wave Glider Autonomous Surface Vehicle

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Ship-Based Contributions to Global Ocean, Weather, and Climate Observing Systems

Ship-Based Contributions to Global Ocean, Weather, and Climate Observing Systems

Delivering Sustained, Coordinated, and Integrated Observations of the Southern Ocean for Global Impact

Waves and Swells in High Wind and Extreme Fetches, Measurements in the Southern Ocean

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