Sustained elevated plasma aprotinin concentration in mice following intraperitoneal injections of w/o emulsions incorporating aprotinin

Development and evaluation of lipid nanoparticles for camptothecin delivery: a comparison of solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and lipid emulsion

“…The hemolytic potential of the injectable forms has generally been found to correlate with the severity of lesions [36] . Any hemolytic effect is expected to be mediated by direct contact between the lipid/water interface and erythrocytes [23,37] .…”

Probing Structural Changes of Proteins Incorporated into Water-in-Oil Emulsions

“…Emulsions may serve as an alternative drug delivery system when more frequent administration or controlled release is required. Water‐in‐oil emulsions are flexible systems with many application possibilities, and have been shown to be a possible drug delivery system for the parenteral delivery of proteins 1. However, to fully exploit the potential the stability of the protein incorporated needs to be addressed, because proteins are known to adsorb to oil–water interfaces 2.…”

Micropipette manipulation: A technique to evaluate the stability of water‐in‐oil emulsions containing proteins

“…For example, proteins are often amphiphilic molecules and adsorb to various degrees at hydrophobic interfaces,1 and this adsorption could have an effect not only on the structural stability of the protein, but also on the overall stability of the emulsion as well. Nevertheless, water‐in‐oil emulsions have been shown to be a possible delivery system for a prolonged release of proteins, e.g., aprotinin 2. In the emulsion, a mixture of two surfactants is used: sorbitan monooleate (SPAN 80), which is a nonionic surfactant, and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PG PR), which is a branched glycerol polymer with fatty acid side chains 3.…”