Sustained attention in adult ADHD: time-on-task effects of various measures of attention

Tucha, Lara; Fuermaier, Anselm B. M.; Koerts, Janneke; Buggenthin, Rieka; Aschenbrenner, Steffen; Weisbrod, Matthias; Thome, Johannes; Lange, Klaus W.; Tucha, Oliver

doi:10.1007/s00702-015-1426-0

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Our failure to identify a consistent time-on-task effect across CPT indices and diagnostic groups may reflect the cognitive complexity of the MOXO-CPT. Previous studies have shown that sustained attention among children and adolescents with ADHD tends to decrease over time with the complexity of task demands [50,51]. For example, Huang-Pollock et al [52] argued that degraded perfor-mance over time in ADHD patients is more evident in tasks that use sensory stimuli (i.e., discriminations of physical characteristics that differ in degree) than in tasks that use cognitive stimuli (i.e., stimuli that differ in type, such as alphanumeric symbols) due to the increased level of effort required in the sensory type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Diagnosis in Patients with Substance Use Disorder and/or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Continuous Performance Test

Slobodin

Blankers²,

Kapitány-Fövény

et al. 2020

Eur Addict Res

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Background: Although substance use disorders (SUD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show significant symptomatic overlap, ADHD is often overlooked in SUD patients. Objective: The aim of the present study was to characterize aspects of attention and inhibition (as assessed by a continuous performance test [CPT]) in SUD patients with and without a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD and in healthy controls, expecting the most severe deficits in patients with a combined diagnosis. Methods: The MOXO-CPT version, which incorporates visual and auditory environ-Slobodin et al.broad set of cognitive domains such as planning, working memory, decision-making, inhibition control, and attention. The lack of consistent differences in cognitive performance between the 3 diagnostic groups might be attributed to various methodological aspects (e.g., heterogeneity in severity, type, and duration of substances use). Our results support the view that motor activity should be considered a significant marker of ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Diagnosis in Patients with Substance Use Disorder and/or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Continuous Performance Test

Slobodin

Blankers²,

Kapitány-Fövény

et al. 2020

Eur Addict Res

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“…One possible explanation for the diversity of our findings may be related to the cognitive complexity of the MOXO-CPT paradigm. Previous research has associated the decreased cognitive performance over time in children and adolescents with ADHD with the increased complexity of the task (Tucha et al, 2009(Tucha et al, , 2017Huang-Pollock et al, 2012). For example, in a study with children diagnosed with ADHD, Bioulac et al (2012) found a deterioration of performances over time in a virtual classroom task but not in the CPT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Objective and Subjective Measures of ADHD Among Clinic-Referred Children

Slobodin

Davidovitch

2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent childhood disorders today, is generally more likely to be diagnosed and treated in boys than in girls. However, gender differences in ADHD are currently poorly understood, partly because previous research included only a limited proportion of girls and relied mainly on subjective measures of ADHD, which are highly vulnerable to reporter's bias. To further examine gender differences in ADHD and to address some of the shortcomings of previous studies, this study examined gender differences in subjective and objective measures of ADHD among clinic-referred children with ADHD. Participants were 204 children aged 6-17 years-old with ADHD (129 boys, 75 girls). A retrospective analysis was conducted using records of a clinical database. Obtained data included parent and teacher forms of the Conners ADHD rating scales, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher's Report Form (TRF), and child's continuous performance test (CPT) scores. Results showed that according to parents' and teachers' reports of ADHD-related symptoms (Conners ADHD rating scales), girls had more inattention problems than boys, but no differences were identified in the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms. CPT data, however, revealed higher impulsivity among boys. We did not find gender differences in the level of distractibility during CPT performance. Specifically, the effects of distractors type (visual environmental stimuli, auditory stimuli, or a combination of them) and distractors load (one or two distracting stimuli at a time) on CPT performance did not differ between boys and girls with ADHD. These findings suggest that gender effects on ADHD symptoms may differ between subjective and objective measures. Understanding gender differences in ADHD may lead to improved identification of girls with the disorder, helping to reduce the gender gap in diagnosis and treatment.

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“…Indeed, diminished sustained attention capacity is hypothesized to underlie various disorders commonly associated with impaired listening, including Auditory Processing Disorder (APD; e.g. Moore et al, 2010Moore et al, , 2013, ADHD (Tucha et al, 2017), autism spectrum disorder (ASD; Corbett and Constantine, 2006) and dementia (Berardi et al, 2005;Calderon et al, 2001). Failure to maintain attention is also observed in hearing impaired individuals (Pichora-Fuller et al, 2016) and as a consequence of healthy ageing (Mishra et al, 2014;Petersen et al, 2017;Schoof and Rosen, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupillometry as an objective measure of sustained attention in young and older listeners

Zhao

Bury

Milne

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Acknowledgements: supported by funding from the BRC and the EC (Horizon2020 grant to MC). Initial pilot experiments were performed by Youna Cho. We are grateful to Mathilde Le Gal de Kerangal for helping recruit and screen the older listeners in Experiment 2. Data Availability Statement: Upon manuscript acceptance, data will be deposited in a suitable online depository and freely available. AbstractThe ability to sustain attention on a task-relevant sound-source whilst avoiding distraction from other concurrent sounds is fundamental to listening in crowded environments.To isolate this aspect of hearing we designed a paradigm that continuously measured behavioural and pupillometry responses during 25-second-long trials in young (18-35 yo) and older (63-79 yo) participants. The auditory stimuli consisted of a number (1, 2 or 3) of concurrent, spectrally distinct tone streams. On each trial, participants detected brief silent gaps in one of the streams whilst resisting distraction from the others. Behavioural performance demonstrated increasing difficulty with time-on-task and with number/proximity of distractor streams. In young listeners (N=20), pupillometry revealed that pupil diameter (on the group and individual level) was dynamically modulated by instantaneous task difficulty such that periods where behavioural performance revealed a strain on sustained attention, were also accompanied by increased pupil diameter. Only trials on which participants performed successfully were included in the pupillometry analysis. Therefore, the observed effects reflect consequences of task demands as opposed to failure to attend.In line with existing reports, we observed global changes to pupil dynamics in the older group, including decreased pupil diameter, a limited dilation range, and reduced temporal variability. However, despite these changes, the older group showed similar effects of attentive tracking to those observed in the younger listeners. Overall, our results demonstrate that pupillometry can be a reliable and time-sensitive measure of the effort associated with attentive tracking over long durations in both young and (with some caveats) older listeners.

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Sustained attention in adult ADHD: time-on-task effects of various measures of attention

Cited by 78 publications

References 51 publications

Differential Diagnosis in Patients with Substance Use Disorder and/or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Continuous Performance Test

Differential Diagnosis in Patients with Substance Use Disorder and/or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Continuous Performance Test

Gender Differences in Objective and Subjective Measures of ADHD Among Clinic-Referred Children

Pupillometry as an objective measure of sustained attention in young and older listeners

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