“…The sun warms the wall and the air inside, boosting the stack effect. The warmed stale air floats to the exhaust opening faster while drawing air from all connected floors, increasing the ventilation rate [67] . Fig.…”
Section: Ventilation Solutions In Detailmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…16 Drawings of different natural ventilation solution: the top left drawing illustrates the stack ventilation principle. The top right drawing is a wind floor with cross ventilation, the bottom picture and drawing show a solar chimney [67] . …”
Section: Ventilation Solutions In Detailmentioning
An unforeseen pandemic is facing the world caused by a corona virus known as SARS-CoV-2. Numerous measures are being put in place to try and reduce the spread of this deadly disease, with the most effective response to the outbreak being mass quarantines, a public health technique borrowed from the Middle Ages. The widely accepted main transmission mechanism is through droplet borne pathways. However, many researchers and studies are considering that this virus can also spread via the airborne route and remain for up to three hours in the air. This is leading to questions as to whether enough is being done regarding ventilation to reduce the risk of the spread of this or other diseases that may be air borne. Ventilation and air conditioning systems are the main focus when it comes to the transmission of such deadly pathogens and should be appropriately designed and operated. This paper reviews and critically evaluates the current ventilation strategies used in buildings to assess the state of the art and elaborates if there is room for further development, especially for high occupancy buildings, to reduce or eradicate the risk of pathogen transmission and adapt ventilation measures to new threats posed by pandemics.
“…The sun warms the wall and the air inside, boosting the stack effect. The warmed stale air floats to the exhaust opening faster while drawing air from all connected floors, increasing the ventilation rate [67] . Fig.…”
Section: Ventilation Solutions In Detailmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…16 Drawings of different natural ventilation solution: the top left drawing illustrates the stack ventilation principle. The top right drawing is a wind floor with cross ventilation, the bottom picture and drawing show a solar chimney [67] . …”
Section: Ventilation Solutions In Detailmentioning
An unforeseen pandemic is facing the world caused by a corona virus known as SARS-CoV-2. Numerous measures are being put in place to try and reduce the spread of this deadly disease, with the most effective response to the outbreak being mass quarantines, a public health technique borrowed from the Middle Ages. The widely accepted main transmission mechanism is through droplet borne pathways. However, many researchers and studies are considering that this virus can also spread via the airborne route and remain for up to three hours in the air. This is leading to questions as to whether enough is being done regarding ventilation to reduce the risk of the spread of this or other diseases that may be air borne. Ventilation and air conditioning systems are the main focus when it comes to the transmission of such deadly pathogens and should be appropriately designed and operated. This paper reviews and critically evaluates the current ventilation strategies used in buildings to assess the state of the art and elaborates if there is room for further development, especially for high occupancy buildings, to reduce or eradicate the risk of pathogen transmission and adapt ventilation measures to new threats posed by pandemics.
“…Moreover, Cuce et al (2019) studied the natural ventilation in school buildings based on its working principles and limitation of passive ventilation; In a crowded room, the concentration of volatile organic substances generated by human skin oil is high, Xiong et al (2019) analyzed the concentration change of products from reactions of ozone with squalene in a University classroom. The CFD method was used, and the time-dependent concentration of chemicals in the classroom was defined in simulation.…”
Section: Applications and Potential Chancesmentioning
Transmission mechanics of infectious pathogen in various environments are of great complexity and has always been attracting many researchers' attention. As a cost-effective and powerful method, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) plays an important role in numerically solving environmental fluid mechanics. Besides, with the development of computer science, an increasing number of researchers start to analyze pathogen transmission by using CFD methods. Inspired by the impact of COVID-19, this review summarizes research works of pathogen transmission based on CFD methods with different models and algorithms. Defining the pathogen as the particle or gaseous in CFD simulation is a common method and epidemic models are used in some investigations to rise the authenticity of calculation. Although it is not so difficult to describe the physical characteristics of pathogens, how to describe the biological characteristics of it is still a big challenge in the CFD simulation. A series of investigations which analyzed pathogen transmission in different environments (hospital, teaching building, etc) demonstrated the effect of airflow on pathogen transmission and emphasized the importance of reasonable ventilation. Finally, this review presented three advanced methods: LBM method, Porous Media method, and Web-based forecasting method. Although CFD methods mentioned in this review may not alleviate the current pandemic situation, it helps researchers realize the transmission mechanisms of pathogens like viruses and bacteria and provides guidelines for reducing infection risk in epidemic or pandemic situations.
“…Based on the literature review, certain relationships between the potential influencing aspects can be assumed. For example, Cuce, et al [57] concluded that single-side ventilation and cross-ventilation can have good effect on cooling and improving air quality in school buildings, with different functions as long as the height and depth of rooms are properly designed. Kisilewicz, et al [58] found that effective thermal insulation of the external partitions could supply consistent shading of the windows against direct solar radiation, providing thermal comfort to the users.…”
In recent years, with the development of green building and the increase of health awareness, the concept of healthy building has been proposed. Recently, studies have been made on developing healthy residential buildings; however, few attentions have been paid to the development of healthy dormitories. To bridge this research gap, this paper aims to investigate the crucial aspects of developing a healthy dormitory. Based on the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, three influencing aspects which include 17 measurement indicators are identified. Questionnaire surveys are subsequently conducted to collect students’ perceptions on the identified indicators. After a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, the relationships between the three influencing aspects are analyzed. The research findings show that building performance, bodily sensation, and humanistic environment must be taken into account in the development of a healthy dormitory. In addition, it is revealed that building performance has a significant impact on bodily sensation, while bodily sensation has a significant impact on humanistic environment. However, building performance is found having little impact on humanistic environment. The findings of this study could provide useful information for the construction of healthy dormitories.
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