Sustainable utilization of waste printed circuit boards powders in HDPE-wood composites: Synergistic effects of multicomponents on structure and properties

Tian, Shenghui; He, Hui; Yu, Peng; Zhou, Ling; Luo, Yuanfang; Jia, Demin

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.011

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, there is still a lack of efficient and widely used recycling technologies, and such waste is usually treated by illegal land-filling in some Asian counties (such as Vietnam and China) or incineration due to its complex compositions [6,7]. Extensive studies have evaluated the possibilities of using WPCBP as a reinforcing filler in polymer composites, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) [8,9], polypropylene (PP) [10,11], polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [12], polyester [13,14], polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [15], etc. The achievement of high value-added reutilization of WPCBP in polymeric products is an important global issue, and it has drawn great attention in recent years due to economic and environmental concerns [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study on The Accelerated Weathering Properties of Polypropylene—Wood Composites with Non-Metallic Materials of Waste-Printed Circuit Board Powders

et al. 2019

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In this study, non-metallic materials of waste-printed circuit board powders (WPCBP) were successfully used as reinforcing filler to produce polypropylene (PP)–wood composites, and their effect on the weathering properties of PP composites were fully evaluated via oxidation induction time (OIT), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, vicat softening point (VST), scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical properties analysis. The OIT analysis confirmed that the anti-thermal oxidative aging properties of PP–wood composites were decreased with the loading of WPCBP. Apart from that, the PP composite, reinforced with 30 wt.% of WPCBP, exhibited the highest value of active energy, which suggests that it is more sensitive to temperature and oxygen when compared with other PP composites. The mechanical properties analysis revealed that neat PP exhibited the poorest weathering properties after being subjected to UV exposure, and its retention rate of tensile strength and notched impact strength were only 70.6% and 59.6%, respectively, while WPCBP and wood flour (WF) could efficiently improve the retention rates of the mechanical properties of the PP composites when subjected to UV exposure. The visual appearance of the PP composites after being subjected to UV exposure showed more and smaller cracks with the loading of WPCBP and WF. The ATR-FTIR results revealed that the carbonyl index increased for all the weathered samples, and the more WPCBP was added into the PP composites led to a higher carbonyl index value, which might be due to the multivalent transition metals in WPCBP, which accelerate the photo-oxidation of the PP composites. The VST results show that both WPCBP and WF can effectively enhance the heat deformation resistance of the PP composites that have been subjected to UV exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study on The Accelerated Weathering Properties of Polypropylene—Wood Composites with Non-Metallic Materials of Waste-Printed Circuit Board Powders

et al. 2019

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“…It can be seen that the OIT value of SBR/SiO 2 /WPCBP composites is lowest and forms a larger oxidative exothermic peak than unfilled SBR and SBR/SiO 2 composites. Previous studies have shown some multivalent transition metals, such as Cu, Ni, and Fe from WPCBP, could facilitate the thermal oxidative process of polymer composites . The EDS spectrum and XRF analysis of WPCBP in Figure S5 and Table S3 show the presence of metal element Cu and Fe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…However, the sustainable reuse of WPCBP remains a daunting challenge, and most of the WPCBP are incinerated or landfilled without any effective high‐valued reutilization, which causes serious resource waste and irreversible environmental pollution . Until now, a more eco‐friendly and profitable method which the WPCBP was used as reinforcing fillers in polymer matrix, such as polyester, phenolic resin, polypropylene, poly (vinyl chloride), and polyethylene, has been proposed previously. These pioneering researches mainly focused on the reinforcement of glass fiber in plastic composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reutilization of waste printed circuit boards nonmetallic powders in elastomer composites: Significant improvements of curing and mechanical properties

Luo

Lin

et al. 2020

Polymer Composites

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Recycling of waste printed circuit boards nonmetallic powders (WPCBPs), as one of the significant challenges for sustainable development of resources, has attracted tremendous attentions from scientific and industrial researchers. In this work, the feasibility of WPCBP as curing accelerator and reinforcing filler in styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) composites was first explored. Vulcanization parameters and kinetics of SBR compounds were systematically investigated by moving‐die rheometer and differential scanning calorimeter. The results suggested that the incorporation of WPCBP can effectively reduce vulcanization activation energy and shorten the manufacturing cycle of SBR/SiO2 composites, which may be attributed to the activation effect from metal oxide and accelerating effect from residual additives in WPCBP. On the other hand, the coupling interfacial interactions of rubber‐SiO2 and rubber‐WPCBP result in simultaneous enhancements of tensile strength, tensile modulus, and extensibility of SBR/SiO2/WPCBP composites. Moreover, the potential applications and challenges of SBR/SiO2/WPCBP composites were also briefly analyzed. This work offers a green and efficient reutilization approach of WPCBP in elastomer composites, which may be a valuable inspiration for the high‐valued utilization of WPCBP and the preparation of high‐performance and low‐cost elastomer composites.

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“…The tensile and impact strength significantly increases to 22.28 MPa and 6.77 kJ/m 2 for WPC with 15% PEC. As compared to the mechanical properties of some other flame retardant-WPC [2,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] (Figure 7c), such as WPC with expandable graphite, APP, and synergist, even some other phosphorus nitrogen flame retardants, they generally have a lower impact (1.9~6.7 kJ/m 2 ) or tensile strength (10.4~22.1 MPa), which cannot take into account both, so the overall mechanical properties are not ideal. On the contrary, PEC obviously generates a synchronous promotion on strengthening and toughening WPC.…”

Section: Flame Retardancy Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Branched Polyelectrolyte Complex Enables Efficient Flame Retardant and Excellent Robustness for Wood/Polymer Composites

et al. 2020

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Wood/thermoplastic composites (WPCs) have been restricted in some fields of building construction and electrical equipment because of their inherent high flammability and lower toughness. In this work, a branched crosslinking network polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) has been designed by incorporation of polyethyleneimine (PEI), a cation polyelectrolyte end capped amine groups, into cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via self-assembling. The hydrogen bonding interactions, penetration, and mechanical interlock provided by PEC effectively enhance the interfacial bonding within matrix, wood fibers, and flame retardant. Interestingly, it generates abundant micropores on the inner structure of WPC. The excellent interfacial bonding performance and easy-to-move molecular chain successfully transfer the stress and induce energy dissipation, simultaneously giving rise to higher strength and toughness for WPC. As well as the PEC endows WPC with a promotion in both smoke suppression and UL-94 V-0 rate. Additionally, the peak heat release rate and total smoke release for WPC obviously reduce by 36.9% and 50.0% respectively in presence of 25% PEC. A simple, eco-friendly, and concise strategy exhibits prospects for fiber-reinforced polymer composites with effective flame retardancy and mechanical robust properties.

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Sustainable utilization of waste printed circuit boards powders in HDPE-wood composites: Synergistic effects of multicomponents on structure and properties

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

A Comprehensive Study on The Accelerated Weathering Properties of Polypropylene—Wood Composites with Non-Metallic Materials of Waste-Printed Circuit Board Powders

A Comprehensive Study on The Accelerated Weathering Properties of Polypropylene—Wood Composites with Non-Metallic Materials of Waste-Printed Circuit Board Powders

Reutilization of waste printed circuit boards nonmetallic powders in elastomer composites: Significant improvements of curing and mechanical properties

A Branched Polyelectrolyte Complex Enables Efficient Flame Retardant and Excellent Robustness for Wood/Polymer Composites

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