Sustainable Uses of FGD Gypsum in Agricultural Systems: Introduction

Watts, Dexter B.; Dick, Warren A.

doi:10.2134/jeq2013.09.0357

Cited by 102 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…proved that an evidently positive effect, high environmental safety and huge potential for carbon mitigation are three advantages of utilizing FGD gypsum to ameliorate saline‐alkali soil . Moreover, FGD gypsum can be utilized as a phosphate slow‐release material applied to the control of soluble phosphate runoff from fields . King et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced adsorption capacity for phosphate in wastewater from thermally activated flue gas desulfurization gypsum

Cheng

Chen

Zou

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND In this study, a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum was calcined as phosphate sorbent materials for the remediation of phosphate wastewater. RESULTS In addition to the main crystalline phase of gypsum, FGD gypsum contains a small quantity of quartz, dolomite, calcite and magnesite. Moreover, FGD gypsum has a prismatic structure with a dense and smooth surface, whereas a pore structure and flaky structure appear with increasing calcination temperature. The kinetic adsorption process was well described by a pseudo‐second‐order model with a high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99). The adsorption isotherms indicated that phosphate removal can be fitted by the Langmuir model. CONCLUSIONS Calcination improved the performance of FGD gypsum towards phosphate sorption. The precipitation following chemical adsorption dominated the phosphate removal by the calcined FGD gypsum, and phosphate was ultimately immobilized by hydroxyapatite. Calcined FGD gypsum has excellent capacity for phosphate removal for three reasons: an enhanced content of active Ca by calcination, a novel nanoscale prismatic structure with a high specific surface area, and a favorable reactivity and alkaline environment produced by the decomposition of magnesite, dolomite and calcite. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced adsorption capacity for phosphate in wastewater from thermally activated flue gas desulfurization gypsum

Cheng

Chen

Zou

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…Gypsum (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) has been recognized as an alternative for improving the chemical quality properties of the root layer under NTS, especially when combined with lime input (Rampim et al, 2011;Watts and Dick, 2014;Caires et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern High-Yielding Maize, Wheat and Soybean Cultivars in Response to Gypsum and Lime Application on No-Till Oxisol

Nora

Amado

Nicoloso

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Modern maize, wheat, and soybean cultivars are usually characterized by a short cycle, high shoot-root ratio, and high responsiveness to nutrient input. Continuous no-tillage management (NTS) frequently leads to a steep gradient in soil chemical quality with depth, thus decreasing yield under conditions of acid subsoil and water stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gypsum, applied separately or in combination with lime, on the yield of cultivars used in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study consisted of four experiments conducted on a typic Hapludox under NTS. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Experiments I and II were carried out on soils with a satisfactory chemical soil quality and tested treatments of gypsum applications ranging from 0.0 to 6.5 Mg ha -1 . The other experiments were carried out on acid soil (experiment III) and a soil with an abrupt drop in chemical quality (experiment IV). Experiment III was arranged in a split plot design, where plots corresponded to gypsum rates between 0.0 and 5.0 Mg ha -1 , and subplots to two lime rates (0.0 and 2.0 Mg ha -1 ). Experiment IV was conducted in a split plot design, with plots consisting of gypsum rates from 0.0 to 6.0 Mg ha -1 and subplots of lime rates from 0.0 to 4.8 Mg ha -1 . Of a set of 17 harvests investigated during the experimental period, 82 % responded with yield increases to gypsum and lime inputs. The gypsum rate that induced the highest grain yield was high (4.7 Mg ha -1 ) and similarly, the maximum technical efficiency of lime was higher than the currently recommended. Furthermore, the combined application of lime and gypsum increased yield. There was a correlation between grain yield with the chemical quality of the soil layer 0.25-0.40 m in experiment I, 0.00-0.40 m in experiment II, and the 0.00-0.25 m in experiment IV. Only in experiment III, where the surface layer was acidic, the diagnostic layer usually sampled (0.00-0.10 m) was correlated with grain yield. Therefore, the use of the 0.00-0.25 m soil layer with critical base saturation values of 65 % and maximum Al saturation of 5 % could improve the current recommendations for soil correction. To exploit the yield potential of modern grain cultivars on dystrophic Oxisol, the formation of a thicker layer with high chemical quality is an efficient strategy.

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“…Liu and Lal (2013) found FGD gypsum as the best amendment for improving mine soil quality without extra significant increase in heavy metal concentrations. Most recently, a series of tests applying FGD gypsum in acidic soils showed insignificant impacts of gypsum on trace element contents in both the soils and agricultural products (Watts and Dick, 2014). However, since the heavy metals can accumulate in the soil and exposure to heavy metals is generally chronic, more investigations are needed on the fate of the heavy metals carried by the FGD gypsum in sodic soils.…”

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Influence of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum Amendments on Heavy Metal Distribution in Reclaimed Sodic Soils

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Environmental Engineering Science

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Although flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum has become an effective soil amendment for sodic soil reclamation, it carries extra heavy metal contamination into the soil environment. The fate of heavy metals introduced by FGD gypsum in sodic or saline-alkali soils is still unclear. This work aims to investigate the effects of FGD gypsum addition on the heavy metal distributions in a sodic soil. Original soil samples were collected from typical sodic land in north China. Soil column leaching tests were conducted to investigate the influence of FGD gypsum addition on the soil properties, especially on distribution profiles of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg) in the soil layers. Results showed that pH, electrical conductivity, and exchangeable sodium percentage in amended soils were significantly reduced from 10.2 to 8.46, 1.8 to 0.2 dS/m, and 18.14% to 1.28%, respectively. As and Hg concentrations in the soils were found to be positively correlated with FGD gypsum added. The amount of Hg in the leachate was positively correlated with FGD gypsum application ratio, whereas a negative correlation was observed between the Pb concentration in the leachate and the FGD gypsum ratio. Results revealed that heavy metal concentrations in soils complied well with Environmental Quality Standard for Soils in China (GB15618-1995). This work helps to understand the fate of FGD gypsum-introduced heavy metals in sodic soils and provides a baseline for further environmental risk assessment associated with applying FGD gypsum for sodic soil remediation.

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Sustainable Uses of FGD Gypsum in Agricultural Systems: Introduction

Cited by 102 publications

References 45 publications

Enhanced adsorption capacity for phosphate in wastewater from thermally activated flue gas desulfurization gypsum

Enhanced adsorption capacity for phosphate in wastewater from thermally activated flue gas desulfurization gypsum

Modern High-Yielding Maize, Wheat and Soybean Cultivars in Response to Gypsum and Lime Application on No-Till Oxisol

Influence of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum Amendments on Heavy Metal Distribution in Reclaimed Sodic Soils

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