Sustainable schistosomiasis control—the way forward

Utzinger, Jürg; Bergquist, Robert; Shuhua, Xiao; Singer, Burton H.; Tanner, Marcel

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14968-9

Cited by 173 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Human infection with Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni is associated with chronic hepatic and intestinal fibrosis, whilst S. haematobium infections can lead to ureteric and bladder fibrosis, and calcification of the urinary tract. The latter two species of schistosomes which are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa are responsible for a great burden on human health, and some 280 000 deaths annually due to late stage liver fibrosis, haematemesis and urinary system complications (van der Werf et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since Egypt, China and Brazil have implemented successful schistosomiasis control programmes, international interest and political commitment for control of helminthic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa has grown substantially with schistosomiasis now placed on the international health agenda (Utzinger et al 2003 ;Stothard and Gabrielli, 2007). Major shifts in global health policy have resulted in a number of control programmes using preventive chemotherapy being implemented on a national scale in sub-Saharan Africa (Fenwick, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002–2008

Fenwick¹,

Webster²,

et al. 2009

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S U M M A R YSchistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in developing countries. After malaria, schistosomiasis is the most important tropical disease in terms of human morbidity with significant economic and public health consequences. Although schistosomiasis has recently attracted increased focus and funding for control, it has been estimated that less than 20 % of the funding needed to control the disease in Africa is currently available. In this article the following issues are discussed : the rationale, development and objectives of the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI)-supported programmes ; the management approaches followed to achieve implementation by each country; mapping, monitoring and evaluation activities with quantifiable impact of control programmes ; monitoring for any potential drug resistance ; and finally exit strategies within each country. The results have demonstrated that morbidity due to schistosomiasis has been reduced by the control programmes. While challenges remain, the case for the control of schistosomiasis has been strengthened by research by SCI teams and the principle that a national programme using ' preventive chemotherapy ' can be successfully implemented in sub-Saharan Africa, whenever the resources are available. SCI and partners are now actively striving to raise further funds to expand the coverage of integrated control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002–2008

Fenwick¹,

Webster²,

et al. 2009

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“…This situation calls for "thinking outside the box" (beyond the health sector) by incorporating an inter-sectoral approach [13,14,19,43], one that addresses the multiplicity of risk and protective factors and proposes strategies relying on synergies with other public health interventions (e.g., school deworming and nutritional programs), inter-programmatic synergies (e.g., IVM), articulations with sustainable development-based programs (e.g., schistosomiasis control and aquaculture micro-enterprise), and/or partnerships encompassing a wider set of stakeholders (e.g., Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria; Global Environmental Facility) [19]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community small-scale horticulture (home gardens) and animal husbandry (e.g., poultry) could help address chronic undernutrition especially in the community's children. In summary, the management actions to control the major extrinsic determinants of disease in this impoverished community in Jaboatão dos Guararapes must be undertaken not only by the health sector but other sectors as well [13,14]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, addressing comprehensive and sustainable solutions to these health problems cannot be the sole responsibility of the health sector. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis are good examples of the multi-sectoral and multi-factoral contextual determinants of NDs, where interventions via other sectors to improve water quality and quantity, provide safe excreta disposal, combined with periodic drug treatment and health education are the keys to sustainable control [13,14]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neglected diseases of neglected populations: Thinking to reshape the determinants of health in Latin America and the Caribbean

2005

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BackgroundPeople living in poverty throughout the developing world are heavily burdened with neglected communicable diseases and often marginalized by the health sector. These diseases are currently referred to as Neglected Diseases of Neglected Populations. The neglected diseases create social and financial burdens to the individual, the family, the community, and the nation.DiscussionNumerous studies of successful individual interventions to manage communicable disease determinants in various types of communities have been published, but few have applied multiple interventions in an integrated, coordinated manner. We have identified a series of successful interventions and developed three hypothetical scenarios where such interventions could be applied in an integrated, multi-disease, inter-programmatic, and/or inter-sectoral approach for prevention and control of neglected diseases in three different populations: a slum, an indigenous community, and a city with a mix of populations.SummaryThe objective of this paper is to identify new opportunities to address neglected diseases, improve community health and promote sustainable development in neglected populations by highlighting examples of key risk and protective factors for neglected diseases which can be managed and implemented through multi-disease-based, integrated, inter-programmatic, and/or inter-sectoral approaches. Based on a literature review, analysis and development of scenarios we visualize how multiple interventions could manage multiple disease problems and propose these as possible strategies to be tested. We seek to stimulate intra- and inter-sectoral dialogue which will help in the construction of new strategies for neglected diseases (particularly for the parasitic diseases) which could benefit the poor and marginalized based on the principle of sustainability and understanding of key determinants of health, and lead to the establishment of pilot projects and activities which can contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.

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Fungal Transformation and Schistosomicidal Effects of Pimaradienoic Acid

Porto

Filho

Magalhães

et al. 2012

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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The schistosomicidal effects of pimaradienoic acid (PA) and two derivatives, obtained by fungal transformation in the presence of Aspergillus ochraceus, were investigated. PA was the only compound with antischistosomal activity among the three diterpenes studied, with the ability to significantly reduce the viability of the parasites at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μM. PA also promoted morphological alterations of the tegument of Schistosoma mansoni, separated all the worm couples, and affected the production and development of eggs. Moreover, this compound was devoid of toxicity toward human fibroblasts. In a preliminary in vivo experiment, PA at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly diminished the number of parasites in infected Balb/c mice. Taken together, these results show that PA may be potentially employed in the discovery of novel schistosomicidal agents, and that diterpenes are an important class of natural compounds for the investigation of agents capable of fighting the parasite responsible for human schistosomiasis.

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Sustainable schistosomiasis control—the way forward

Cited by 173 publications

References 13 publications

The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002–2008

The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002–2008

Neglected diseases of neglected populations: Thinking to reshape the determinants of health in Latin America and the Caribbean

Fungal Transformation and Schistosomicidal Effects of Pimaradienoic Acid

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