Sustainable rural electrification using rice husk biomass energy: A case study of Cambodia

Pode, Ramchandra; Diouf, Boucar; Pode, Gayatri

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.018

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This agro-waste posed a serious solid waste disposal since the traditional method of disposal (open burning) is no longer accepted as it leads to emissions which is another environmental challenge. Currently, rice husk is being used as a raw material for production of bioenergy and valuable materials via thermochemical and biochemical processes [6][7][8][9]. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process where biomass materials can be converted into solid (bio-char), liquid (bio-oil) and gaseous products (non-condensable) under inert environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-pyrolysis of Rice Husk with Underutilized Biomass Species: A Sustainable Route for Production of Precursors for Fuels and Valuable Chemicals

Mohammed

Lim

Kazi

et al. 2016

Waste Biomass Valor

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In this study, co-pyrolysis of rice husk with underutilized biomass, Napier grass and sago waste was carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 600°C, 30°C/min and 5 L/min nitrogen flowrate. Two-phase bio-oil (organic and aqueous) was collected and characterized using standard analytical techniques. 34.13-45.55 wt% total boil-oil yield was recorded using assorted biomass compared to pure risk husk biomass with 31.51 wt% yield. The organic phase consist mainly benzene derivatives with higher proportion in the oil from the co-pyrolysis process relative to the organic phase from the pyrolysis of the individual biomass while the aqueous phase in all cases was predominantly water, acids, ketones, aldehydes, sugars and traces of phenolics. This study has demonstrated a good approach towards increasing valorization of rice husk in a single reaction step for the production of high grade bio-oil, which can be transformed into fuel and valuable chemicals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-pyrolysis of Rice Husk with Underutilized Biomass Species: A Sustainable Route for Production of Precursors for Fuels and Valuable Chemicals

Mohammed

Lim

Kazi

et al. 2016

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…Phnom Penh itself accounts for approximately 85% of the country's total electricity consumption but has only 10% of the population (Pode et al, 2015), whereas nearly 80% of Cambodia's population is rural (National Institute of Statistics, 2013). Indeed, almost 100% of urban households are electrified, while only 22.62% of rural households have access to grid electricity (this percentage of electrification for rural households has not changed significantly over the past 10 years, despite the consistently high GDP growth rates-although there are ambitious plans for improving rural electrification (EAC, 2015 and Pode et al, 2015)): 10% use batteries, 3% use small diesel generators (500 W-5 kW) with the remaining using kerosene, candles, biomass, or other sources, and 30% of households have no energy access whatsoever (MIME, 2013 andPode et al, 2015). The Electricity Authority of Cambodia (EAC) is supporting rural electrification through a program that provides interest-free loans to meet costs associated with connecting to the electricity grid and another program that provides access to a fund for licensees to facilitate their investment into expanding electricity supply infrastructure in rural areas (EAC, 2015).…”

Section: Energy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential of a low-carbon future for Cambodia

Asif

Marschke

Ngin

2017

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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This paper examines Cambodia's current carbon pathway and considers if Cambodia could move towards a low carbon future. We do so by examining two of Cambodia's largest carbon emitting sectors: energy and transportation. We argue that Cambodia has a unique window of opportunity to pursue a low carbon pathway given that, despite significant economic growth, the country is currently producing less CO 2 per capita compared to most other countries across Asia. Cambodia could benefit greatly (in economic, social, and environmental terms) from adopting a low carbon pathway. Promising harbingers are present, such as recent shifts to hydropower, adoption of urban master plans, and citizen frustration with traffic congestion and poor air quality that may enable public buy-in for innovative lowcarbon solutions. Achieving this will require sharpened and harmonized policy, approaching all planning activities from a low-carbon perspective, and support (both institutional and financial) from regional bodies and multilateral organizations.

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“…In most of the rice processing centers, requirement of thermal energy is fulfilled by the woody biomass which is burned in a Three Stone Fire (TSF) stove with the efficiency of 10% to 15%; moreover, this inefficient burning activity results in air pollution releasing CO 2 , CO, and some traces of SO 2 . The large quantity of rice husk obtained as by‐product during the milling process is usually discarded by open field burning without energy recovery and results in environmental pollution …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The large quantity of rice husk obtained as by-product during the milling process is usually discarded by open field burning without energy recovery and results in environmental pollution. 7,8 To improve the efficiency of the parboiling and drying process, many studies have been conducted. To reduce the uneven and over steaming problems, boiler and steaming sections are interconnected with a network of pipes to allow the hot water and steam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno‐economic assessment on the implementation of biomass gasifier in conventional parboiling rice mills

Wincy

Edwin

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Enhancement of efficiency in rice processing mills can help rural farmers to reduce the cost of rice production. Parboiling‐the hydrothermal treatment of paddy rice, accounts for a significant portion of total rice processing costs and its quality. A rice husk powered gasifier‐based parboiling system is an attractive option for rural rice processing mills but has not been widely adopted due to various constraints. Hence, there is a need for technical and economical analysis on gasifier‐based rice parboiling system to generate information on efficiency improvement and the cost‐effective ways in rice processing industries. This paper presents a techno‐economic evaluation of rice husk powered gasifier‐based rice processing systems working in either Producer Gas in Hot Gas Mode (PG‐HGM) or Producer Gas in Cold Gas Mode (PG‐CGM). MATLAB software has been used for mathematical analysis. The research reveals that the biomass gasifier operated rice parboiling system working in both modes can have the overall system efficiency as 49% to 57% with a lowest payback time of 4‐2 years. Positive Net Present Cost is observed for the capacities above 1.5 tons/batch in PG‐HGM.

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Sustainable rural electrification using rice husk biomass energy: A case study of Cambodia

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Co-pyrolysis of Rice Husk with Underutilized Biomass Species: A Sustainable Route for Production of Precursors for Fuels and Valuable Chemicals

Co-pyrolysis of Rice Husk with Underutilized Biomass Species: A Sustainable Route for Production of Precursors for Fuels and Valuable Chemicals

Assessing the potential of a low-carbon future for Cambodia

Techno‐economic assessment on the implementation of biomass gasifier in conventional parboiling rice mills

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