Sustainable Reactive Polyurethane Hot Melt Adhesives Based on Vegetable Polyols for Footwear Industry

Carbonell-Blasco, María Pilar; Limiñana, María Ángeles Pérez; Ruzafa-Silvestre, Carlos; Calpena, Elena Orgilés; Arán-Aı́s, Francisca

doi:10.3390/polym14020284

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A Varian 660-IR infrared spectrophotometer (Varian Australia PTY LTD; Mulgrave, Australia) was used to determine the composition of the cellulosic fibers. The Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) technique was used by carrying out 16 scans with a resolution of 4 cm −1 [ 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from Phoenix canariensis Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials

Pérez-Aguilar¹,

Ruzafa-Silvestre²,

Arán-Aı́s³

2022

Polymers

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This paper briefly discusses the utilization of pruning wastes as a lignocellulosic source of cellulose fibers, which could be of potential use in the development of valuable materials such as sustainable textiles and fillers for footwear components including uppers and soles. Phoenix canariensis palm leaves, one of the most common plants found in the local environment of the Alicante region (Spain), was used as a biomass raw material. Determining appropriate processing parameters and their desired range of maximum cellulose extraction states is key to improving yields. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the effect of processing conditions on cellulose extraction by optimizing the hydrothermal process, as a part of overall combined processes involving several steps. Specifically, the time of the steam-explosion stage was varied between 15 and 33 min in order to maximize the cellulose extraction yield. The composition of both the extracted fibers and the resulting by-product solutions generated during the different steps were determined by FTIR and TGA in order to analyze the effectiveness of removing hemicellulose, lignin and extractives as well as the removed substances at each stage for their further valorization. Additionally, the morphology of cellulosic fibers was evaluated by SEM and their crystallinity by XRD. Crystalline cellulose fibers were successfully extracted from pruning biomass wastes, achieving more efficient removal of hemicellulose and lignin when the hydrothermal process was assessed over 25–33 min. This resulted in finer and smoother fibers, but the crystallinity of α-cellulose decreased as the time of steam-explosion increased to 33 min. The characterization of waste solutions generated after the different extraction steps confirmed that the most effective treatments to remove lignin and hemicellulose from the cell wall are alkaline pretreatment and a hydrothermal process.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from Phoenix canariensis Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials

Pérez-Aguilar¹,

Ruzafa-Silvestre²,

Arán-Aı́s³

2022

Polymers

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“…In addition, the softening point of conventional HMPUR adhesives is around 55°C and the new CO 2 -based adhesives had similar softening points. 53,54 Finally, the analysis of the effect of the incorporation of different amounts of CO 2 -based polyol on the final adhesive strength of the new adhesives was carried out by means of a T-peel test on the SBR leather/ rubber joints. The results of the T-peel strength after 72 h from joint formation as a function of the different amount of CO 2 -based polyol in the HMPUR adhesives are shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Lower Carbon Footprint Hmpur Based On Co 2 -Bas...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleaner technologies to minimise the environmental footprint of the footwear bonding process

Carbonell-Blasco

Ruzafa-Silvestre

Mateu-Romero

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Advances in cleaner technologies have a critical role in reaching Europe’s climate and environmental goals. More precisely, in the case of the footwear bonding process its environmental impact is mainly related to the VOCs emissions resulting from the use of organic solvents in the most common adhesives used, as well as during the application of some surface treatments such as halogenation. Moreover, the use of raw materials of fossil origin also contributes to its carbon footprint. The aim of this work is to deploy cleaner technologies to minimise the environmental footprint of the footwear bonding process through several approaches at different steps of the process life cycle, also to contribute to footwear circularity. This work focuses on the synthesis and application of reactive hot melt polyurethanes from CO2-based polyols as biobased adhesives, and the study of plasma-based surface treatments (low-pressure plasma and atmospheric pressure plasma) to improve adhesion properties, using styrene-butadiene vulcanised (SBR) rubber as a representative footwear soling material. The influence of CO2-based polyols on the polyurethane structure and the physicochemical effects of the plasma treatments on the rubber surface, as well as the final adhesion properties have been evaluated by means of different experimental techniques. The results showed that the values obtained for the T-peel strength of the adhesive joints studied, with the combination of the application of the plasma surface treatments and the biobased reactive hotmelt, exceed the minimum quality requirements for footwear according to the standardised tests. As a result, the deployment of such cleaner technologies regarding adhesives and surface treatments in the footwear bonding process will contribute to improving footwear carbon footprint and its circularity.

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“…Their importance grows each year; thus, unsurprisingly, the number of PUR-manufactured products steadily increases. PUR-based materials find many applications in critical industry sectors such as furniture, , automotive, , electronics, , construction, − footwear, − coatings, − varnishes, − packages, − adhesives, − and others. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(Urea-Urethane) Elastomers with Fire-Retardant and Tensile Properties Enhanced by a Built-In Phosphorus Derivative

Kowalczyk

Grochowska

Debowski

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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One of the most popular materials used in the plastics industry is polyurethane (PUR). In recent years, these plastics have gained attention due to their ease of processing, their simple, relatively inexpensive manufacturing process, and, above all, their properties, which allow PURs to be used as rigid and flexible foams, flexible solid products, adhesives, and biomedical materials. The primary purpose of this work was to study the chemical and/ or physical modifications of urethane prepolymers, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties and reduced flammability. A crosslinking agent based on triesters of phosphoric acid (PPEG) was synthesized and used as a component to produce PUR and poly(urea-urethane)s (PUUR). Commercially available polyether diols, with average molar masses of 450 and 2000 g•mol −1 , and aromatic diisocyanates were used. In the further course of work, thermal properties, flammability, and selected mechanical parameters of the obtained materials were characterized. The addition of PPEG allowed one to achieve products exhibiting better tensile strength, up to 19-fold improvement in properties from 0.51 to 9.71 MPa, and increased thermal stability of materials. Moreover, the PPEG derivative has the ability to reduce the flammability of materials, which has been proven during tests on the calorimeter, where there is a decrease in the heat release capacity (HRC) and the peak heat release rate (peak HRR) compared to the unmodified PUR reference sample by 44.34 and 46.70%, respectively, for the material with the highest derivative content.

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Sustainable Reactive Polyurethane Hot Melt Adhesives Based on Vegetable Polyols for Footwear Industry

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from Phoenix canariensis Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials

Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from Phoenix canariensis Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials

Cleaner technologies to minimise the environmental footprint of the footwear bonding process

Poly(Urea-Urethane) Elastomers with Fire-Retardant and Tensile Properties Enhanced by a Built-In Phosphorus Derivative

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