Sustainable production of cellulose nanofiber from sugarcane trash: A quality and life cycle assessment

Cleaner production of cellulose nanocrystals and calcium sulfate whiskers: Process design and life cycle assessment

“…Nonetheless, the CNCs extracted from unripe coconut fibers by high‐power ultrasound (CNU), where 47% of all environmental impacts were classified under the by‐product (lignin) based on mass allocation and the WU reduced to 2.3 kg owing to the less water consumption in the purification process 34 . As such, the CNCs exhibited improved performance in GWP and PED (Table 2) compared with the CNFs fabricated via TEMPO oxidation combined with high‐pressure homogenization reported by Turk et al (1.5% and 18% of burdens were segmented under the extractives in the Soxhlet extraction processes and hemicelluloses in the purification processes, respectively, based on mass allocation) 50 and Li et al 51 However, the CNFs prepared by Haroni et al 44 presented a significantly lower GWP impact owing to the raw materials (sugarcane trash) were regarded as industrial wastes such that caused no environmental burdens. Thus, compared with most cases of CNC and CNF production, the CNCs prepared from this combined process exhibited a superior performance in terms of GWP, PED, and WU.…”

“…The reliability of LCA results primarily depends on the reliability of the data adopted for the assessment 43 . Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis are two effective steps for data quality evaluation, which should be thoroughly investigated before inferring conclusions and recommendations 44 . In principle, sensitivity analysis can support the interpretation of the LCA results and further improve the production efficiency, whereas uncertainty analysis can quantify the uncertainty of the LCA results and direct the subsequent avenues of data collection.…”

Sustainable Pickering Emulsions with Nanocellulose: Innovations and Challenges

“…Pretreatment followed by bleaching is usually carried out to remove non-cellulosic components like lignin, hemicelluloses, sugars, proteins, and lipids from plant biomass before nanocellulose extraction [12]. One of the steps with the highest environmental impact in the production of cellulose nanomaterial is the bleaching step [13][14][15] because it uses chemicals and is an energy-intensive process. One way to overcome this drawback is by developing more efficient bleaching processes.…”

A modeling framework to identify environmentally greener and lower-cost pathways of nanomaterials

“…34 Previous LCA and TEA studies have investigated the environmental impacts and economic feasibility of CNC or CNF production with different methods (see ESI Section S1 for literature review †). 21,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] However, few studies have explored varied process design strategies (e.g., different choices of acid recovery, energy sources, and neutralizing agents) or alternative production means (e.g., organic or inorganic acid, 21,39 acid hydrolysis or autohydrolysis, 38,50 with or without pretreatment 35,38 ). Nor have they simultaneously explored the corresponding economic performance of alternative pathways and the potential trade-offs between the environment and economic performance.…”

“…34 Previous LCA and TEA studies have investigated the environmental impacts and economic feasibility of CNC or CNF production with different methods (see ESI Section S1 for literature review†). 21,34–49 However, few studies have explored varied process design strategies ( e.g. , different choices of acid recovery, energy sources, and neutralizing agents) or alternative production means ( e.g.…”