Sustainable preparation of cellulose nanocrystals: state of the art and perspectives

Gao, Mengge; Shang, Yazhuo; Li, Bin; Du, Hao

doi:10.1039/d2gc03003a

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…A recent trend that shows particular promise involves substituting mineral acids with organic acids in the production of charged CNMs. By using organic acids in acid hydrolysis, milder conditions can be maintained, resulting in cost savings and increased reaction sustainability . Furthermore, this approach often yields as-prepared materials with higher T onset values than CNMs produced with mineral acids, while preserving their colloidal and self-assembly properties (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using organic acids in acid hydrolysis, milder conditions can be maintained, resulting in cost savings and increased reaction sustainability. 276 Furthermore, this approach often yields as-prepared materials with higher T onset values than CNMs produced with mineral acids, while preserving their colloidal and self-assembly properties (Figure 11). 277 Promising candidates for the production of C-CNMs include oxalic acid, maleic acid, and citric acid, although nanocrystals with even better thermal performance may be obtained by exploring other organic acids or combinations thereof.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Stability of Cellulose Nanomaterials

2023

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Thermal stability is a crucial property of materials, especially when they have a wide range of thermally sensitive applications. Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) extracted from cellulosic biomass have garnered significant attention due to their abundance, biodegradability, sustainability, production scalability, and industrial versatility. To explore the correlation between the structure, chemistry, and morphology of CNMs and their thermal stability, we present a comprehensive literature review. We identify five major factors affecting CNMs’ thermal stability, namely type, source, reaction conditions, post-treatment, and drying method, and analyze their impact on CNMs’ thermal stability using several case studies from the literature. Using multiple linear least-squares regression (MLR), we establish a quantitative relationship between thermal stability and seven variables: crystallinity index of the source, dissociation constant of the reactant used, reactant concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, evaporation rate, and post-treatment presence. By understanding these interdependencies, our statistical analysis enables the design of CNMs with predictable thermal properties and identification of optimal conditions for achieving high thermal stability. The results of our study provide crucial insights that can guide the development of CNMs with enhanced thermal stability for use in a variety of industrial applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Cellulose Nanomaterials

2023

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“…Subcritical water extraction, which employs water instead of harsh chemicals to isolate nanocellulose, holds considerable promise for being a greener alternative. [52] Economic considerations are also in its favor. Recent reports highlight that the production cost for 1 kg of CNCs through subcritical water extraction method is around $0.3, while $1.54 required per kg when using traditional acid hydrolysis techniques.…”

Section: Cellulose Nanocrystals (Cncs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is gaining increased interest due to its eco‐friendliness and sustainability. Subcritical water extraction, which employs water instead of harsh chemicals to isolate nanocellulose, holds considerable promise for being a greener alternative [52] . Economic considerations are also in its favor.…”

Section: Top‐down and Bottom‐up Approaches: Types Of Nanocellulose An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling Food By‐products: Characteristics and Applications of Nanocellulose

Kim,

Doh

2024

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Rising global food prices and the increasing prevalence of food insecurity highlight the imprudence of food waste and the inefficiencies of the current food system. Upcycling food by‐products holds significant potential for mitigating food loss and waste within the food supply chain. Food by‐products can be utilized to extract nanocellulose, a material that has obtained substantial attention recently due to its renewability, biocompatibility, bioavailability, and a multitude of remarkable properties. Cellulose nanomaterials have been the subject of extensive research and have shown promise across a wide array of applications, including the food industry. Notably, nanocellulose possesses unique attributes such as a surface area, aspect ratio, rheological behavior, water absorption capabilities, crystallinity, surface modification, as well as low possibilities of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. These qualities make nanocellulose suitable for diverse applications spanning the realms of food production, biomedicine, packaging, and beyond. This review aims to provide an overview of the outcomes and potential applications of cellulose nanomaterials derived from food by‐products. Nanocellulose can be produced through both top‐down and bottom‐up approaches, yielding various types of nanocellulose. Each of these variants possesses distinctive characteristics that have the potential to significantly enhance multiple sectors within the commercial market.

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“…3 However, the commercial application of CNCs is restricted by their high cost and poor functional surface properties. 4 As a result, more and more attention is focused on the green production and surface modification of CNCs. 5 Surface phosphorylation is a promising modification method, enabling CNCs with multifunctional properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%