Sustainable port through sea wave energy converter

Towards Smart Port Infrastructures: Enhancing Port Activities Using Information and Communications Technology

“…Reduced greenhouse gases emission in the order of ktone per year [2], [25]. P.2 Lower energy consumption increases the available (or residual) energy in the order of MWh [25], or increases the available energy generated in the order of MWh per year [2]. P.3 Lower delay reduces the access delay to database [26], and the processing delay incurred in recognizing container codes [27].…”

“…P.3 Lower delay reduces the access delay to database [26], and the processing delay incurred in recognizing container codes [27]. P.4 Lower monetary cost reduces the cost per energy unit in the order of cost per MWh [25], while also reduces the estimated investment cost (e.g., the number and cost of equipment and infrastructures) [2]. P.5 Higher accuracy of estimation increases the success rate of the prediction of vessel positions [26], equipment (i.e., YTs and RTGCs) positions [15], distance [15], [28], container codes recognition [27], and the trajectory of equipment such as YTs [29].…”

“…When vessels are moored at quays for loading and unloading, their main and auxiliary engines run on low-grade fuel or bunker oil, particularly low-grade diesel, to provide continuous power for onboard usage, such as heating, cooling, lighting, loading and unloading containers, and so on. The low-grade fuel has a sulphur content of 3,000 times higher than that of conventional diesel in the emission from vehicles [2]. This issue is compounded by the failure to comply with standards imposed on the chimney filters of vessels.…”

“…Long-term exposure to emission from vessels at ports has been shown to increase hospital admissions, years of life lost, and healthcare cost [2]. The effect of the emission on inland air pollution level is approximately reduced by half and to a negligible level at 18 km and 37 km, respectively [63].…”

“…With 80% of world trade being transported by sea [1], and the steady growth of 4% in international seaborne trade [2], the increased interest in developing a smart port ecosystem using information and communications technology (ICT) to handle port demands is evident. Figure 1 provides the top 50 container ports in the world in 2018 as according to the World Shipping Council [3].…”