Sustainable non-isocyanate polyurethanes bio-adhesives for engineered wood panels are revealed as promising candidates to move from formaldehyde-based alternatives

Arias, Ana; Entrena-Barbero, Eduardo; Feijoó, Gumersindo; Moreira, María Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.107053

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…On the other hand, when soy protein is used, thus requiring pre-processing of its extraction, it was identified that electricity consumption is also responsible for a significant impact on the environmental profile obtained. As for SPI-NIPU bioadhesives, their lower environmental sustainability compared to their counterparts stems from the same reasons as those stated for soy-based adhesives − background agricultural activities together with the use of HMDA as crosslinking agents 44 − although some contribution of power requirements, necessary for reactor agitation, is also observable in the environmental profile of this alternative.…”

Section: Planetary Boundaries Of Woodmentioning

confidence: 91%

New Environmental Approach Based on a Combination of Planetary Boundaries and Life Cycle Assessment in the Wood-Based Bioadhesive Market

Arias

Feijoó

Moreira

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The role of the bioeconomy based on the use of renewable resources and also on the valorization of bio-based waste could contribute to a higher degree of sustainability. In this sense, biobased processes and products should exhibit values for indicators that demonstrate and outperform their competing counterparts. To this end, it is essential to apply a methodology to conduct the assessment of environmental impacts and potential damages at a global level. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has proven to be a suitable method to study the environmental profiles and damage scores of products and/or processes within their life cycle. In this regard, LCA impact scores are transformed into planetary boundary (PB) values, for which a threshold has been previously established. This has been the focus of this article, in which the environmental sustainability ratios of different bioadhesive scenarios have been evaluated under the combined framework of PBs and LCA for wood-based bioadhesives following different allocation approaches based on egalitarian, utilitarian, and grandfathering principles. In this way, it has been possible to assess the potential of bioadhesives to replace synthetic resins in the wood-based panel production chain. The results obtained show some variability in the environmental profiles and indicators, but it is possible to conclude that the bioadhesives selected can be considered as sustainable alternatives. However, improvements are required in certain PB categories, such as climate change or biogeochemical flows, as in some cases, the threshold value is exceeded. Future research should focus on two strategic lines: the application of guidelines for the evaluation of environmental sustainability at the planetary level and the optimization of bio-adhesive production to reduce their impact with the aim of achieving a more adequate sustainability ratio.

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Section: Planetary Boundaries Of Woodmentioning

confidence: 91%

New Environmental Approach Based on a Combination of Planetary Boundaries and Life Cycle Assessment in the Wood-Based Bioadhesive Market

Arias

Feijoó

Moreira

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

Self Cite

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“…The products obtained were tested as coatings on the surface of beech wood [ 193 ]. In the same line of research, Arias et al [ 194 ] prepared NIPU bio-adhesives for wood panels, reacting kraft lignin, organosolv lignin, tannin, and soy protein with DMC, and the intermediate products were reacted with hexamethylenediamine (HDMA). The research group evaluated the environmental profiles of these novel adhesives using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and compared them with formaldehyde-based resins.…”

Section: Lignin As a Building Block To Synthesize Non-isocyanate Poly...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Sustainable Polyurethanes

et al. 2022

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Currently, the pulp and paper industry generates around 50–70 million tons of lignin annually, which is mainly burned for energy recovery. Lignin, being a natural aromatic polymer rich in functional hydroxyl groups, has been drawing the interest of academia and industry for its valorization, especially for the development of polymeric materials. Among the different types of polymers that can be derived from lignin, polyurethanes (PUs) are amid the most important ones, especially due to their wide range of applications. This review encompasses available technologies to isolate lignin from pulping processes, the main approaches to convert solid lignin into a liquid polyol to produce bio-based polyurethanes, the challenges involving its characterization, and the current technology assessment. Despite the fact that PUs derived from bio-based polyols, such as lignin, are important in contributing to the circular economy, the use of isocyanate is a major environmental hot spot. Therefore, the main strategies that have been used to replace isocyanates to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) derived from lignin are also discussed.

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“…Biobased PU resins have been developed by Lima-García et al [98] using lignin to overcome traditional PU problems such as high penetration of the adhesive into the wood, low resistance to delamination, and unsatisfactory gap filling properties. Moreover, Arias et al [99] conducted an industrial-scale design and environmental evaluation through the life cycle assessment methodology concluding that organosolv lignin and soy could be used as renewable sources for producing nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU). Soy-based tannin-modified adhesives have been developed by Ghahri et al [100] and were successfully used to bond plywood.…”

Section: Waterborne Polyurethane (Wbpu) Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose in Heterogeneous Water-Based Polymerization for Wood Adhesives

Fritz

Olivera

2022

Polysaccharides

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The interest in the development of biobased adhesives has increased due to environmental concerns. Moreover, as the production of engineered wood products (EWPs) is expected to grow, the wood adhesives market needs to transit toward formaldehyde-free products. Cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) are a material with unique properties and advantages for producing hybrid materials as biobased wood adhesives. Besides their traditional use as reinforcing additives, CNPs can be incorporated at the beginning of the polymerization reaction to form in situ polymerized hybrid adhesives with better mechanical and physicochemical properties than the neat adhesive. Despite their outstanding characteristics, CNPs are still an emerging nanomaterial in the wood adhesive field, and the studies are incipient. This review explores the utilization of CNPs in heterogeneous polymerization for the production of polyvinyl acetate, polymeric isocyanates, waterborne polyurethane systems, and other waterborne polymer latexes. The main challenges are discussed, and some recommendations are set down for the manufacture of these novel hybrid nanocomposites.

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Sustainable non-isocyanate polyurethanes bio-adhesives for engineered wood panels are revealed as promising candidates to move from formaldehyde-based alternatives

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

New Environmental Approach Based on a Combination of Planetary Boundaries and Life Cycle Assessment in the Wood-Based Bioadhesive Market

New Environmental Approach Based on a Combination of Planetary Boundaries and Life Cycle Assessment in the Wood-Based Bioadhesive Market

Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Sustainable Polyurethanes

Nanocellulose in Heterogeneous Water-Based Polymerization for Wood Adhesives

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