Sustainable microgrids with energy storage as a means to increase power resilience in critical facilities: An application to a hospital

Lagrange, Alexis; Simón-Martín, Miguel de; González-Martínez, Alberto; Bracco, Stefano; Rosales-Asensio, Enrique

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105865

Cited by 98 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The stored energy inside the battery is expressed by (11) and (12). In these relationships, the initial energy of battery is also modeled.…”

Section: B Set Of Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical load restoration is also a suitable index for resilience where the plan tries to restore the most important loads following disruptions [10]. In the electrical networks, the resilience can be improved by networked microgrids [11]. In such topologies, the active distribution grid is partitioned into several islanding microgrids [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience-uncertainty nexus in building energy management integrated with solar system and battery storage

Mehrjerdi¹

2024

IEEE Access

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Application of local energy resources in the buildings encounters such systems with both uncertainties in the produced power and failures (events) of the resources. The energy planning excluding uncertainty and events may be economically efficient but it is not resilient and practical. This paper provides a platform for energy management in the building under a set of realistic failures and uncertainties. The energy resilience is improved and the energy cost is decreased at the same time while all events and uncertainties are modeled. A typical building integrated with solar-battery-grid is studied. The resilience index is to minimize the loss of demanded service following all possible events. Three objective functions are defined and compared including (i) resilience cost, (ii) energy cost, (ii) resilience and energy costs together. The stochastic mixed integer linear programming is implemented to minimize the objective functions. The results validate that the developed toolkit can cope with all events and uncertainties with minimum operating cost and maximum resilience. The optimal tradeoff between operating cost, resilience, and uncertainty is presented. The results demonstrate that the uncertainty and resilience increase the planning cost by 5.3% and 13.8%, respectively, and both of them together increase the cost by 19.5%.

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“…The stored energy inside the battery is expressed by (11) and (12). In these relationships, the initial energy of battery is also modeled.…”

Section: B Set Of Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience-uncertainty nexus in building energy management integrated with solar system and battery storage

Mehrjerdi¹

2024

IEEE Access

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“…Their possibilities go from the mere monitorization of the consumption or comfort conditions to the advanced control algorithms and automation (e.g., [ 44 ] that propose a local Energy Consumption Scheduling for HVAC control that which compensates for possible errors between weather forecast and real local conditions). In this sense, most of the BMS control approaches are focusing on getting improvements in energy efficiency [ 45 ], obtaining the optimal use of renewable resources [ 46 ], or are based on static pricing schemes [ 47 ].…”

Section: Proposed Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

OpenADR and Agreement Audit Architecture for a Complete Cycle of a Flexibility Solution

Parejo

García

Personal

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Nowadays, the presence of renewable generation systems and mobile loads (i.e., electric vehicle) spread throughout the distribution network is increasing. The problem is that this type of system introduces an added difficulty since they present a strong dependence on the meteorology and the mobility needs of the users. This problem forces the distribution system operators to seek tools that make it possible to balance the relationship between consumption and generation. In this sense, automated demand response systems are an appropriate solution that allow the operator to request specific reductions in customers’ consumption, offering a discount to the customer and avoiding network congestion. This paper analyzes the implementation and architecture of a demand response solution based on OpenADR standard and its possible integration with a building management system through a use case. As will be analyzed, a key part of the architecture is the measurement system based on smart meters acting as sensors. This is the base of the auditing system which makes it possible to verify compliance with the consumption reduction agreements. Additionally, this study is completed with a parallel auditing system which makes it possible to verify compliance with the consumption reduction agreements. All of the proposed demand response cycle is implemented as a proof of concept in a classroom in the Escuela Politécnica Superior at the University of Seville, which makes it possible to identify the advantages of this architecture in the ambit of connection between distribution network and buildings.

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“…In [10], the authors employed the same software and energy resources, but considered a school, office, and hotel as the electric loads, power outages of 2 h occurring every hour, and a critical load of 50 % of the regular load. In [11] the same microgrid configuration was studied in REopt for a Hospital with power outage durations of 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h in the summer and winter solstices. Using REopt, the authors in [12] examined the effect of random outages lasting from 0 to 14 days in an office building in California with PV and BES.…”

Section: Introductcionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Resilient and Eco-friendly Microgrid for a Commercial Building

Mora

Hegedus

2021

AiBi Revista de Investigación, Administración e Ingeniería

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Recent natural disasters such as hurricanes Harvey and Maria have caused great disruption to the electric grid system. Additionally, government authorities have set ambitious goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, there is a growing interest in making the electric power systems more resilient while reducing their carbon footprint. In this work, we used HOMER Grid software to model behind-the-meter microgrids consisting of PV, battery, natural gas generator, and the electric load of an office building that consumes an average of 2 MWh per day. We varied the component sizes to determine the configuration with the lowest generator size to provide power during a two-day outage in the summer peak load. Environmental and economic analysis were performed to show the tradeoffs between different system design goals. The results indicate that installing a microgrid in an office building with a 600 kW PV array and 2.8 MWh lithium-ion battery can avoid the release of up to 287 tons of CO2 per year. The same microgrid configuration can endure a two-day blackout during the highest electric demand in the hurricane season without the need of a polluting backup generator. Microgrids will play an important role in the transition to a smart grid because they provide reliable power, make the system more grid-failure tolerant, and allow a high penetration of renewable energy into the electric grid which consequently reduces the environmental impact.

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Sustainable microgrids with energy storage as a means to increase power resilience in critical facilities: An application to a hospital

Cited by 98 publications

References 11 publications

Resilience-uncertainty nexus in building energy management integrated with solar system and battery storage

Resilience-uncertainty nexus in building energy management integrated with solar system and battery storage

OpenADR and Agreement Audit Architecture for a Complete Cycle of a Flexibility Solution

Design of a Resilient and Eco-friendly Microgrid for a Commercial Building

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