Sustainable management of excavated soil and rock in urban areas – A literature review

Abstract

Keywords:Excavated soil and rock Construction and demolition waste Material flow analysis Sustainable management Resource a b s t r a c t Construction in urban areas implies use of construction materials from quarries and excavation of soil and rock. From a resource perspective, there could be benefits from using excavated soil and rock as a construction material. The aim of this paper is to describe the material flow and management practices of urban excavated soil and rock from the perspective of resource efficiency. A conceptual model for the urban flow of excavated soil and rock was developed and a literature review concerning the management of excavated soil and rock was conducted. The conceptual model was subsequently used to clarify the different perspectives of the scientific literature and knowledge gaps. Conclusions drawn are that there is little knowledge about the quantities and the fate of excavated soil and rock in urban areas. Current research is focusing on the waste flows of construction material and little is known about the overall management practices of excavated soil and rock. Clearly, excavated soil and rock are often disposed at landfills and the recycling rate for high quality purposes is low. There is a need to evaluate the potential for an increased use of excavated soil and rock as construction material. However, the overall efficiency of urban construction material management can only be evaluated and improved by also including construction materials produced in quarries.

Soil Recycling Among Construction Sites by Optimizing Schedule and Costs for Earthmoving

“…In the worst cases, excavated soils are treated as waste (Johansson et al, 2013). At the societal level, excavated soil reuse can reduce the environmental burden associated with obtaining natural fresh soil and decrease CO 2 emissions by reducing transportation to disposal sites and quarries (Magnusson et al, 2015). From a financial perspective, soil movement is a significant part of construction costs, representing between 5% and 16% of the capital cost of infrastructure projects (Manahan, 2012).…”

Life cycle assessment of pavements: reviewing research challenges and opportunities

“…As potential scenarios, the amount of excavated earth for road leveling could be a source of materials needed in the embankment sections, or it could supply the aggregates in non-graded concrete. Referring to the research done byMagnusson et al, reusing excavated earth can potentially save up to 14 kg CO 2 per ton of the earth(Magnusson et al 2015).…”

Proposição de critérios técnicos e ambientais para criação de banco de solos para a região metropolitana de São Paulo.

“…Nesse contexto, materiais de escavação, limpeza do terreno e agregados representam a maior fração dentre os RCC (AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT, 2011;BÖHMER et al, 2008;DESTATIS, 2013;EUROSTAT, 2015;HASHIMOTO;TANIKAWA;MORIGUCHI, 2007;HSU, 2003a;MONIER et al, 2011;POON et al, 2013;SINDUSCON-SP, 2015). No entanto, apesar de representar uma fração significativa dos RCC, poucas pesquisas têm sido conduzidas em relação à fração de solos de escavação (MAGNUSSON et al, 2015), e diversas publicações não incluem informações sobre estes materiais nos estudos de RCC (KARTAM et al, 2004;KOFOWOROLA et al, 2009;MYHRE, 2000;WEISLEDER & NASSERI, 2006).…”

“…Há uma falta de informações técnicas na literatura referente ao gerenciamento de solos escavados em áreas urbanas (MAGNUSSON et al, 2015). Solos escavados são frequentemente descartados em locais de disposição de resíduos (Llatas, 2011;Magnusson et al, 2015;Poon et al, 2013;Shang et al, 2013) ou mesmo em áreas não licenciadas (AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT, 2011;BLENGINI;GARBARINO, 2010;BÖHMER et al, 2008;GANGOLELLS et al, 2014;HSU, 2003b;MAGNUSSON et al, 2015;POON et al, 2013). A depender da contaminação, os RCC podem ser dispostos em aterros de resíduos inertes, não inertes não perigosos (em aterros industriais ou em codispoisção em aterros sanitários) ou perigosos.…”

“…Solos escavados podem ser reutilizados na própria obra ou destinados a outros projetos (CONAMA, 2002;DEFRA, 2009;MAGNUSSON et al, 2015;MOON et al, 2007), em uma gama de atividades de engenharia, tais como aterros (DEFRA, 2009;GRIFFITHS;RADFORD, 2012), reaterros de valas (DEFRA, 2009;GRIFFITHS & RADFORD, 2012;WRAP, 2005WRAP, , 2007, barragens de terra e de enrocamento (GRIFFITHS & RADFORD, 2012;WRAP, 2010), camadas de pavimentos (DEFRA, 2009;GRIFFITHS & RADFORD, 2012;WRAP, 2005WRAP, , 2007, estruturas de contenção como muros de solos reforçados (GRIFFITHS & RADFORD, 2012;WRAP, 2010), bem como reposição de cobertura vegetal em jardins, acostamentos de estradas e paisagismo (DEFRA, 2009;SEPA, 2010).…”