Sustainable Management and Valorization of Agri-Food Industrial Wastes and By-Products as Animal Feed: For Ruminants, Non-Ruminants and as Poultry Feed

Abstract

Substantial increase in the production of agri-food commodities over the past years has resulted in the generation of enormous volumes of wastes and by-products, thus contributing to increased environmental pollution. Being an under-exploited raw material which are rich in bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols, dietary fibre, oils, essential vitamins, minerals, etc), novel strategies and initiatives have been proposed and implemented for the effective management and valorization of these wastes and by-products. The proposed initiatives and strategies support the concepts of EU circular economy and green biorefinery, thus promoting sustainability. One of the strategies of management of waste and by-products includes the effectual development of nutritious low-cost sustainable animal feed. Currently, in the world market, there are a range of fruit and vegetable wastes and by-products that have been effectively introduced in animal diets. Within this context, this systematic review focuses on a diversified group of agri-food wastes (and the industrial by-products), their bioactive components, the opportunities for the development of animal feed or feed supplements (for Ruminants, Non-Ruminants and as Poultry feed) and conclusively the health benefits imparted. In addition, the safety issues and regulations aspects are also covered.

The effects of fermented feedstuff derived from Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, nutrient utilization, meat quality, gut microbiota, and metabolites of broiler chicken

“…Thus, the advancement of novel feed resources plays a pivotal role in driving the progress of China's livestock industry. One of the solutions to the current feed shortage is the conversion of agricultural by-products or industrial waste into feed resources after deep processing ( 6 ).…”

Management and application of specific location food crop technologies based on ecoregional dry land in central Sulawesi (A Review)

“…Currently, stover processing technology support is available and can be carried out at the farmer level. Cooking stover not only provides and preserves feed but can also improve the quality of the feed produced so that it can meet the nutritional needs of livestock [34][35]. If the utilization of corn stover can be carried out properly, then the limited feed can be overcome, increasing farmers' income can be achieved and farming efficiency can be achieved as well as soil fertility and environmental sustainability can be maintained.…”

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidants in Apple Pomace (var. Belorusskoje malinovoje) Using Response Surface Methodology: Scope and Opportunity to Develop as a Potential Feed Supplement or Feed Ingredient

“…Utilization of fruit and vegetable waste as livestock feed offers a potential solution for global challenges such as climate change, urbanization, resource scarcity, and increase in current feed prices [1][2][3][4][5][6]. One of the common by-products of the fruit industry-apple pomace-exhibits promise as an alternative feed ingredient [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…It has been estimated that the annual production of apple pomace can lead to up to 4 million tonnes [12]. This extensive production of apple pomace is especially alarming considering the high moisture content of apples, which makes them more prone to microbiological contamination and, consequently, environmental pollution [1,3,[14][15][16]. Utilization of apple pomace as animal feed material could help alleviate the negative environmental impact caused by its unsustainable discarding while simultaneously benefiting the animal feed sector, which has been facing numerous challenges [4][5][6].…”