Sustainable hydrocarbon fuels by recycling CO 2 and H 2 O with renewable or nuclear energy

Graves, Christopher R.; Ebbesen, Sune Dalgaard; Mogensen, Mogens Bjerg; Lackner, Klaus S.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.014

Cited by 943 publications

(702 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…[1][2][3] Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 (CO2R) has been proposed as one possible technology for the production of fuels from CO 2 using electricity obtained from renewable sources. [4][5][6][7] Studies of CO2R in aqueous solution date back to the 1950s, 8 and an extensive and thorough body of work was published by Hori and co-workers starting in the 1980s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and gas–liquid mass transfer on the operation of small electrochemical cells for the quantitative evaluation of CO₂reduction electrocatalysts

Lobaccaro

Singh

Clark

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

153

182

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TitleEffects of temperature and gas-liquid mass transfer on the operation of small electrochemical cells for the quantitative evaluation of CO2 reduction electrocatalysts In the last few years, there has been increased interest in electrochemical CO 2 reduction (CO2R). Many experimental studies employ a membrane separated, electrochemical cell with a mini H-cell geometry to characterize CO2R catalysts in aqueous solution. This type of electrochemical cell is a mini-chemical reactor and it is important to monitor the reaction conditions within the reactor to ensure that they are constant throughout the study. We show that operating cells with high catalyst surface area to electrolyte volume ratios (S/V) at high current densities can have subtle consequences due to the complexity of the physical phenomena taking place on electrode surfaces during CO2R, particularly as they relate to the cell temperature and bulk electrolyte CO 2 concentration. Both effects were evaluated quantitatively in high S/V cells using Cu electrodes and a bicarbonate buffer electrolyte. Electrolyte temperature is a function of the current/total voltage passed through the cell and the cell geometry.Even at a very high current density, 20 mA cm À2 , the temperature increase was less than 4 1C and a decrease of o10% in the dissolved CO 2 concentration is predicted. In contrast, limits on the CO 2 gas-liquid mass transfer into the cells produce much larger effects. By using the pH in the cell to measure the CO 2 concentration, significant undersaturation of CO 2 is observed in the bulk electrolyte, even at more modest current densities of 10 mA cm À2 . Undersaturation of CO 2 produces large changes in the faradaic efficiency observed on Cu electrodes, with H 2 production becoming increasingly favored. We show that the size of the CO 2 bubbles being introduced into the cell is critical for maintaining the equilibrium CO 2 concentration in the electrolyte, and we have designed a high S/V cell that is able to maintain the near-equilibrium CO 2 concentration at current densities up to 15 mA cm À2 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and gas–liquid mass transfer on the operation of small electrochemical cells for the quantitative evaluation of CO₂reduction electrocatalysts

Lobaccaro

Singh

Clark

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

153

182

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“…The main reason for this is that the thermodynamic minimum required energy to remove oxygen from either carbon dioxide or water is equal (equations (1) and (2)). However, the conversion of CO 2 to CO has a low efficiency with the current state of technology [3], while producing the required hydrogen can be done with high efficiency via electrolysis [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the exothermic character of the synthesis reaction implies a need for good temperature control [4], although the reaction of CO 2 with H 2 to methanol shown in equation (4) is less exothermic than the reaction starting from CO in equation (3). Secondly, and most important, thermodynamic equilibrium constraints induce a limited single pass conversion, especially when using CO 2 [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel condensation reactor for efficient CO2 to methanol conversion for storage of renewable electric energy

Bos

Brilman

2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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A novel reactor design for the conversion of CO 2 and H 2 to methanol is developed. The conversion limitations because of thermodynamic equilibrium are bypassed via in situ condensation of a water/methanol mixture. Two temperatures zones inside the reactor ensure optimal catalyst activity (high temperature) and full conversion by condensation at a lower temperature in a separate zone. Due to this full gas conversion there is no need for an external recycle of reactants. Experimental work confirmed full carbon conversion (>99.5%) and high methanol selectivity (>99.5% on carbon basis). Additionally, it was shown that due the temperature gradient inside the reactor significant reaction rates are achieved under natural convection conditions.

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“…5, ca. 100nm thick carbon filaments are formed after 5 hour ARTICLE Journal Name 10 exposure to 95% CO 2 -5% CO under -100 mA bias. Although carbon nanotube formation in Ni-YSZ electrodes has been reported in several studies, no comments have been made regarding the nanotube geometrical structure.…”

Section: Change Of the Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon deposition behaviour in metal-infiltrated gadolinia doped ceria electrodes for simulated biogas upgrading in solid oxide electrolysis cells

Duboviks

Lomberg

Maher

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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Sustainable hydrocarbon fuels by recycling CO 2 and H 2 O with renewable or nuclear energy

Cited by 943 publications

References 190 publications

Effects of temperature and gas–liquid mass transfer on the operation of small electrochemical cells for the quantitative evaluation of CO₂reduction electrocatalysts

Effects of temperature and gas–liquid mass transfer on the operation of small electrochemical cells for the quantitative evaluation of CO₂reduction electrocatalysts

A novel condensation reactor for efficient CO2 to methanol conversion for storage of renewable electric energy

Carbon deposition behaviour in metal-infiltrated gadolinia doped ceria electrodes for simulated biogas upgrading in solid oxide electrolysis cells

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Sustainable hydrocarbon fuels by recycling CO 2 and H 2 O with renewable or nuclear energy

Cited by 943 publications

References 190 publications

Effects of temperature and gas–liquid mass transfer on the operation of small electrochemical cells for the quantitative evaluation of CO2reduction electrocatalysts

Effects of temperature and gas–liquid mass transfer on the operation of small electrochemical cells for the quantitative evaluation of CO2reduction electrocatalysts

A novel condensation reactor for efficient CO2 to methanol conversion for storage of renewable electric energy

Carbon deposition behaviour in metal-infiltrated gadolinia doped ceria electrodes for simulated biogas upgrading in solid oxide electrolysis cells

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Effects of temperature and gas–liquid mass transfer on the operation of small electrochemical cells for the quantitative evaluation of CO₂reduction electrocatalysts

Effects of temperature and gas–liquid mass transfer on the operation of small electrochemical cells for the quantitative evaluation of CO₂reduction electrocatalysts