Sustainable graywater reuse for residential landscape irrigation – a critical review

Pinto, Uthpala; Maheshwari, Basant

doi:10.1080/10042857.2015.1059790

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Rapid population growth has increased water requirements for domestic, industrial and agricultural uses. The demand for water has escalated to the point that countries need to invest heavily in alternative sources such as recycled water (Pinto and Maheshwari, 2015). Widespread water shortage is a threat to conservation and socio-economic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, to meet this demand, innovative water conservation techniques are required. In the face of climate change and rainfall variability, greywater reuse is important in minimizing water shortages and hunger and in poverty alleviation (Pinto and Maheshwari, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finding a safe and affordable treatment process is the key to sustainable reuse of greywater for domestic, agricultural, or industrial purposes. By having a proper treatment system in place, health concerns resulting from the presence of heavy metals and pathogens in greywater can be avoided (Pinto and Maheshwari, 2015). The use of greywater for irrigation may be an approach to conserving water, especially in drought-stricken areas (Nel and Jacobs, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yeast supplementation alleviates the negative effects of greywater irrigation on lettuce and maize

Tshapa

Naidoo

Sershen

et al. 2022

WSA

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Water scarcity has led to increased use of wastewater, particularly greywater, for crop irrigation. This study investigated whether the addition of yeast can alleviate the potential negative effects of greywater use on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Seeds and seedlings were treated with 4 concentrations (0.005; 0.01; 0.015 and 0.020 g‧mL−1) of yeast-treated tapwater (YTW) and greywater (YGW). Tapwater (TW) and greywater (GW) without yeast served as controls. In general, an increase in yeast concentration compromised seed germination in Petri dishes, but improved germination in soil. Tapwater was more effective than GW in promoting germination and growth in both species. Lower concentrations of yeast generally increased germination capacity in both species compared to the controls. Total biomass, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, leaf area, photosynthetic rate and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were significantly higher in yeast treatments in both species, compared with the controls. Biomass accumulation, total leaf area, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis were higher in YGW than controls and YTW. Differences in biomass allocation between treatments may be due to changes in soil moisture, pH and electrical conductivity of the soil caused by yeast supplementation. This study showed that plants treated with YGW performed better than those treated with YTW and without yeast. Yeast supplementation of greywater could increase water recycling and provide a cheap bio-fertilizer to home growers, whilst significantly improving yield in both species. This innovative approach may enhance water and food security of subsistence farmers in rural areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yeast supplementation alleviates the negative effects of greywater irrigation on lettuce and maize

Tshapa

Naidoo

Sershen

et al. 2022

WSA

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“…Major reviews on greywater treatment technologies such as the ones by Li et al [4] and Ghunmi et al [5], which outline physical, chemical and biological treatment technologies, and by Ghaitidak and Yadav [6] and Gross et al [7], which explore 22 and 33 different technologies, respectively, make no mention of GDDs. Other reviews by Pidou et al [8] and Gross et al [9], which review 64 and seven technologies, respectively, and by Pinto and Maheshwari [10]. Toifl et al [11] recognise GDDs but do not elaborate on their value in contributing to mains water savings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Benefits of Residential Greywater Reuse

Byrne

Dallas

Anda

et al. 2020

Water

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There is paucity of data on the quantification of the benefits of residential greywater reuse via direct diversion. While estimates have been made based on modelling the potential mains water savings, it is also recognised that the practicalities of system operation and occupant behaviour introduce substantial variation to these estimates. Three single residential housing projects in Fremantle, Western Australia, undertaken over ten years with a substantial focus on water efficiency and mains water substitution, have provided an opportunity to quantify these benefits. All three dwellings were intensively metered and documented. This paper describes the learnings generated along the way, including the methodology developed to effectively integrate direct diversion greywater reuse into a productive garden, along with other water sources to satisfy landscape water demand. Importantly a robust quantification of actual greywater volumes and associated mains water savings was made. The publication of actual greywater volumes will significantly contribute to this field and go a long way towards validating the merits of residential greywater reuse on mains water savings when systems are properly installed and operated. Brief considerations are also provided for energy efficiency and financial assessment.

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