Sustainable fixation of CO₂ into epoxides to form cyclic carbonates using hollow marigold CuCo₂O₄ spinel microspheres as a robust catalyst

Abstract

The present work demonstrates the chemical fixation of CO2 for the synthesis of organic carbonates using mesoporous hollow marigold CuCo2O4 spinel microspheres as a catalyst prepared using the solvothermal method.

Phosphorus‐Doped CuCo2O4 Oxide with Partial Amorphous Phase as a Robust Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…It is considered that the synergistic effect between crystalline and amorphous phases promotes the rapid transport of electrons and improves the electrochemical catalytic activity of the catalyst [38] . In the crystalline region of Figure 1d and 1e, the lattice fringe spacings of 0.25, 0.471 and 0.289 nm corresponds to the (311), (111), and (220) facet of the cubic phase spinel CCO, respectively [26,39–40] . Furthermore, HAADF‐STEM (Figure 1f) and EDX elemental mapping images (Figure 1g–j) indicate that Cu, Co, O, and P are uniformly distributed, which confirming that P is doped into CCO lattice.…”

“…[38] In the crystalline region of Figure 1d and 1e, the lattice fringe spacings of 0.25, 0.471 and 0.289 nm corresponds to the (311), (111), and (220) facet of the cubic phase spinel CCO, respectively. [26,[39][40] Furthermore, HAADF-STEM ( Figure 1f) and EDX elemental mapping images (Fig-Figure 1. a) and b) SEM, c) TEM, d) and e) HRTEM images of CCP 0.5 ; f) The HAADF-STEM image and g-j) corresponding EDX element mapping images of CCP 0.5 , Cu-blue, Co-yellow, O-red, P-orange.…”

Fabrication of a hollow sphere N,S co-doped bifunctional carbon catalyst for sustainable fixation of CO2 to cyclic carbonates

“…This implies that at 343 K, the reactant (epichlorohydrin) can be able to mobilize well on the active sites of the catalysts due to the increased inhomogeneity of the catalyst in the reaction medium. As a result, more efficient collisions occurred with reactant molecules to overcome the energy barrier for ring-opening and CO 2 insertion, 25 which would in turn provide an effective conversion. Apart from that, at elevated temperatures, the conversion increases by increasing the gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient.…”

“…To date, a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems have been reported for cycloaddition reactions with CO 2 and epoxide, including alkali metal salts, ionic liquids, quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts, crown ether, organocatalysts, organometallic complexes, porphyrin, metal–salen complexes, metal oxides, zeolites, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), porous organic framework (POFs), functional carbon nitride, functionalized silica, and so on. 21–29 Generally, homogeneous catalysts stand out as the most effective and tailor-made catalysts for cycloaddition reactions, but their intrinsic problems such as troublesome separation, purification, and regeneration restrict their commercialization. In this context, heterogeneous catalysts are gaining attention from scientists and industrialists as they are task-specific and readily separated and regenerated.…”

Recent progress in materials development for CO2conversion: issues and challenges

“…8B). 223 Numerous other materials, like Si/SiC@C hollow-nanospheres, TiPO 4 flowers, and aluminum porphyrin complexes, can also be used as a catalyst to achieve high conversion efficiency for the chemical fixation of CO 2 under milder conditions. [224][225][226] Although zeolites, 227 titanosilicates, 228 and metal oxides 229 were reported as CO 2 fixation catalyst, but they mostly required elevated temperature, pressure and extensive purification steps.…”