Sustainable Extraction of Colourant from Harmal Seeds (Peganum harmala) for Dyeing of Bio-Mordanted Wool Fabric

Abstract

The recent pandemic scenario has caused demand for green products that have medicinal aspects, as well as greener approaches for global health. Natural dye from plants, particularly from harmal seeds, is an excellent alternative to carcinogenic yellow synthetic dyes. The current study has been conducted to isolate natural colorants from harmal seeds in methanolic medium through Gamma-Assisted Extraction (GAE). The dyeing variables that are necessary for shade development before and after mordanting were selected. It has been found that 6 kGy is the optimal absorbed dose for extraction of colorant from 6 g of powder to isolate the colorant in the methanolic medium through the Gamma-irradiated extraction mode (GAE). To get excellent results, 30 mL of methanolic extract containing 6 g/100 mL of Glauber salt was sued for dyeing of irradiated wool at 45 °C for 65 min. For improving the color strength and acceptable rating of fastness, 9% of henna, 3% of acacia, 10% of turmeric, and 7% of pomegranate extracts as pre-bio-mordants as well as 7% of acacia, 3% of pomegranate, 9% of henna, and 10% of turmeric extracts as post-mordants have given high results compared to when chemical mordants have been used. It was concluded that Gamma-ray treatment has excellent color strength in the dyeing of bio-mordanted wool using harmal seed extracts under mild conditions, and has good fastness ratings after using chemical and bio-mordanting methods as well.

Sustainable appraisal of lac (Kerria Lacca) based anthraquinone natural dye for chemical and bio-mordanted viscose and silk dyeing

“…cellulose-based fabrics, also plays a role in getting darker or brighter shades of good characteristics. 45 The results given in (Figure 2(a) and (b)) show that using the aqueous medium before irradiation (NRE/NRVF), the dyeing of viscose with laccaic acid has given good color strength (K/S = 2.543) with a darker reddish-yellow hue of low saturation but high chemistry. On giving M.W.…”

“…The Kubelka Munk equation computed in Data color was used to get color strength (K/S), and the CIE Lab system was employed to study tonal variations in terms of L*, a*, b*, C*, and h. The fastness properties of light, washing, and rubbing for the selected mordanted dyed samples were assessed according to the ISO standard. [45][46][47]…”

Bio-mordants: a review

“…In different studies, Adeel et al used pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) rind, Acacia ( Acacia nilotica ) bark, and turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) rhizomes as bio-mordants to dye wool and cotton. Depending upon the findings, it is claimed that applied to MW-treated cotton at 55 °C for 75 min, 50 mL of acidified methanol-solubilized extract from a 5-min microwave-treated powder produced excellent results; additionally, the use of salt of Fe as a chemical mordant and extracts of Acacia and turmeric as bio-mordants under ideal conditions has produced good to excellent fastness ratings; microwave treatment also has good potential for the extraction of the colorant from Arjun bark for cotton dyeing and its application (Adeel et al 2022a , d , 2023f ). In one work, Raji et al ( 2023 ) exploited Reseda luteola L. for the extract of a natural yellow dye, using the tannic bark of Acacia mearnsii as a bio-mordant to ensure sustainable dyeing of wool fabrics.…”

A survey on the potential contribution of Reunion Island dye plant species diversity to the market demand for bioactive plant-based dyes and pigments

“…They are widely used as coloring bioactive substances in several manufactured products, including textiles, cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, plastics, paint, ink, paper and electronics (e.g ., for dye-sensitized solar cells) industries [ 4 , 9 , 10 ] due to their optical properties and additional biological ( e.g. , antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal) activities [ 11 – 13 ]. Thus, the coloring property as well as the added nutritional or therapeutic potentialities of some plant-based dyes and pigments make the biomaterials an important agricultural operation that have the potential to face the challenges of substitution of artificial colorants with the colored biocomponents extracted from different plant parts (seeds, fruit, flowers, stems, barks or adventive roots).…”