Sustainable Electric Arc Furnace Steel Production: GREENEAF

Bianco, Loris; Baracchini, Giulia; Cirilli, Filippo; Sante, L. Di; Moriconi, A.; Moriconi, Erica; Agorio, Millan Marcos; Pfeifer, Herbert; Echterhof, Thomas; Demus, T.; Jung, Hans Peter; Beiler, C.; Krassnig, Hans-Jörg

doi:10.1007/s00501-012-0101-0

Cited by 26 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Characterized as CO 2 neutral, biomass in form of PKS has demonstrated its capability to substitute fossil carbon usage in the EAF by trial campaigns in lab scale and industrial scale. The results showed no negative impact on the production rate or the steel quality, but different reaction behavior was observed . Compared to fossil carbon, Yunos et al noticed more intensive and longer lasting gas generation of PKS in laboratory tests .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Modeling and Simulation of Biochar Usage in an Electric Arc Furnace as a Substitute for Fossil Coal

Meier

Hay

Echterhof

et al. 2017

steel research int.

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Increasing demands on the electric arc furnace (EAF) with regard to sustainability and energy efficiency are leading to various technological innovations. To reduce the carbon footprint of the steel production in EAFs, fossil coal can be substituted by biochar as investigated within the GreenEAF research projects. Palm kernel shells (PKS) are used for industrial long-term trials and showed no negative impact on product quality or energy consumption and are technically feasible, but led to different reaction behavior. For further investigations on PKS usage in the EAF, the charging of biomass is implemented in a dynamic EAF process simulation model. As one of the biggest differences of PKS in comparison to fossil coal, the chemical energy of the higher volatile content is earlier available during the heat. The model considers the chemical composition of the type of coal and distinguishes between volatiles and fixed carbon. The simulation results and measurements of the averaged off-gas composition are showing the increased reaction rate of PKS. The results are obtained with the same model parameterization as for anthracite charging. In the future, the model will be applicable to analyze various modes of operation with regard to optimized energy and resource efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Modeling and Simulation of Biochar Usage in an Electric Arc Furnace as a Substitute for Fossil Coal

Meier

Hay

Echterhof

et al. 2017

steel research int.

Self Cite

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“…At an industrial scale, it was found that char from pyrolysis, in fact, needs to be compressed into briquettes in order to obtain a material able to resist to handling operations inside a factory, such as a steel making plant, avoiding the dispersion of very reactive powders during charging operation [7]. Briquetted charcoal also shows more homogeneous burning properties and less occurrence of anomalous flame emissions, as was demonstrated in European full scale industrial steel making factories during experimental campaigns [7,8]. Briquetting is usually done with mixtures of charcoal particles, water and binders, and applying elevated pressure [9].…”

Section: Biomass Resources For Charcoal Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron and steel making in Europe and Northern America are based on fossil fuels, and do not use charcoal. Nevertheless, substitution of coal by charcoal obtained via pyrolysis of locally sourced low-value biomass (forest residues, agricultural residues) was tested in Europe at industrial scale in conventional steel making factories (electric arc furnace) [8]. Technical feasibility and economic viability were assessed.…”

Section: Key Lessons Learned From Europe and Northern Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technical feasibility and economic viability were assessed. Briquetted pyrolysis charcoal showed generally good technical performance, although attention is required to the fact that the charcoal differs from coal in its application, and in some cases technical modifications might be required [8]. This highlights that, where substitution of conventional fuels at industrial level is considered, extensive testing should be implemented before indeed deciding in favour of such changes.…”

Section: Key Lessons Learned From Europe and Northern Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One interesting aspect observed during steelmaking was that usage of charcoal reduced the melting time by some 30-50% [10]. Substitution of coal by charcoal did not affect quality of the steel in a negative way, although the composition of the produced steel showed some differences with view to its carbon content [8,10]. With view to economic viability, in Europe substitution of coal by pyrolysis charcoal is difficult to be cost-competitive; however, if additional benefits are obtained, e.g.…”

Section: Key Lessons Learned From Europe and Northern Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charcoal From Alternative Materials for Use as Energy Carrier or Reducing Agent: A Review of Key Findings in Europe and the Americas

Kusch-Brandt¹

2018

SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings

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According to FAO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, global annual charcoal production amounts to 52 million metric tons. Around half of the population in South America depends on forest-sourced resources (firewood, charcoal) to cover their basic energy needs, and in some countries large-scale industrial charcoal usage is further common, e.g. in Brazil in the production of pig iron for steel. To limit adverse impacts on forest health, sustainability of charcoal production merits high attention. One approach is to focus on usage of alternative materials such as organic wastes and residues. A desktop study was implemented to explore experiences with charcoal production with alternative materials in Europe and the Americas, primarily under the lens of potential usage of such charcoal as energy carrier or reducing agent in iron and steel making or similar applications. Research findings illustrate that a large variety of biomass types can today be converted into charcoal. However, this does not necessarily mean that the obtained output indeed represents a product that can easily substitute conventional energy carriers. One challenge is that charcoal production with alternative materials (biomass other than wood) typically yields an output characterized by a high number of single particles. When substituting coal in steel making, charcoal shows a different performance in the process, which requires attention. Key differences can be identified when comparing charcoal supply chains and charcoal utilization patterns in South America to the situation in Europe and Northern America. Informal activities are more common in South America. Charcoal markets and their dynamics are less transparent, and documentation is less complete. Usage of wood residues to produce charcoal is more widespread than commonly assumed. One issue in this context is that charcoal statistics do not usually disclose the quality of the used raw material, and charcoal produced from wood might refer to raw wood, but it might also include charcoal made from wood residues.

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The Low‐Carbon Production of Iron and Steel Industry Transition Process in China

Pang,

Bu,

Yuan

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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Severe greenhouse gas emissions have made global warming one of humanity's most critical and intricate environmental challenges. As the world's largest producer and exporter of steel, China's steel industry contributes substantially to carbon emissions. The government formulated the policies and pathways to achieve carbon neutrality, and enterprises have proactively pursued low‐carbon technologies. In this review, the decarbonization process in the Chinese steel industry is classified into three stages according to the decarbonization amount and technological maturity: the improvements of the blast furnace‐basic oxygen furnace, the attempt of the nonblast furnace, and the preparatory electricity‐hydrogen coupling metallurgy. This article reviewed the industrial‐scale low‐carbon metallurgical technologies represented by the Baowu HyCORF process, bottom‐blowing O2‐CO2‐pulverized lime converter process, gas‐based direct reduction shaft furnace process, Molong HIsmelt process, and Ouye furnace process, as well as pointed out the development limitations of those processes. Additionally, the study presented prospects for zero‐carbon emission technologies coupling green energy generation and hydrogen metallurgy. These findings will offer substantial support for advancing research and development of low‐carbon metallurgical technologies and formulating relevant policies in the future.

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Sustainable Electric Arc Furnace Steel Production: GREENEAF

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Process Modeling and Simulation of Biochar Usage in an Electric Arc Furnace as a Substitute for Fossil Coal

Process Modeling and Simulation of Biochar Usage in an Electric Arc Furnace as a Substitute for Fossil Coal

Charcoal From Alternative Materials for Use as Energy Carrier or Reducing Agent: A Review of Key Findings in Europe and the Americas

The Low‐Carbon Production of Iron and Steel Industry Transition Process in China

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