Sustainable development of urban underground space for utilities

Flexible design in water and wastewater engineering – Definitions, literature and decision guide

“…Therefore MUTs appear to be an option to implement new network infrastructure such as non-potable water pipes, grey and black water sewerage pipes, vacuum pipes and storm water drainage when necessary (Hunt et al, 2014). Indeed, there is evidence that the MUTs built in the 19th century facilitated the development of underground electricity networks (Cano-Hurtado and Canto-Perello, 1999). However, concerns were raised about the location of different utilities in a confined space such as fire risk, explosion, high risk for all utilities from dramatic failure of one utility and cross contamination between sewer and water networks (Table 1).…”

“…Increasingly, water treatment processes are automated using real time control systems to improve efficiency and plant performance (Campisano et al, 2013;Schütze et al, 2004). Real time control systems make a treatment plant more robust, by automatically responding to changing conditions in the treatment train as a result of changing influent conditions Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of MUTs (#Cano-Hurtado and Canto-Perello, 1999;þHunt et al, 2014;^Rogers and Hunt, 2006).…”

Criticality and threat analysis on utility tunnels for planning security policies of utilities in urban underground space

“…This maze of utilities has been ironically termed "the spaghetti subsurface problem" (Oude 1992) by municipal engineers. Because of the expanding population with its demands for more diversified services, we cannot afford this piecemeal type of utilities growth (Sterling & Carmody, 1993;Sterling, 1997;Cano-Hurtado & Canto-Perello, 1999;Duffaut & Labbe, 2002;Zhang et al, 2009;He et al, 2012;Jung, 2012). Moreover, it is part of European Union policy to achieve a high level of health and environmental protection, and one of the objectives to be pursued is sustainable development (Steurera & Bergerb, 2011).…”

Selecting utilities placement techniques in urban underground engineering

“…Sustainable development of underground space not just calls for using underground space, but using it to combine functions and to create value in doing so for society [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Establishing future sustainable strategies in urban underground engineering consists of the ability to lessen the use of traditional trenching [24,25]. This paper presents a methodology for the selection of utilities placement techniques in which the intangibles are also assessed to avoid short-sighted planning.…”