Sustainable development and enhancement of cracking processes using metallic composites

Abstract

Metallic composites represent a vital class of materials that has gained increased attention in crude oil processing as well as the production of biofuel from other sources in recent times. Several catalytic materials have been reported in the literature for catalytic cracking, particularly, of crude oil. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging methods/technologies such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), metal–matrix composites (MMCs), and catalytic support materials, to bridge information gaps toward sustainable advancement in catalysis for petrochemical processes. There is an increase in industrial and environmental concern emanating from the sulphur levels of oils, hence the need to develop more efficient catalysts in the hydrotreatment (HDS and HDN) processes, and combating the challenge of catalyst poisoning and deactivation; in a bid to improving the overall quality of oils and sustainable use of catalyst. Structural improvement, high thermal stability, enhanced cracking potential, and environmental sustainability represent the various benefits accrued to the use of metallic composites as opposed to conventional catalysts employed in catalytic cracking processes.

Efficient catalytic oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuels over tungsten oxide supported on metakaolin surface

“…This can be due to their great potential and advantages like availability, environmental friendliness, abundance, cheap costs, non-toxicity and cation exchange ability. [22][23][24] For instance, in a study, the performance of kaolin-supported silver nanoparticles for the catalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of NaBH 4 was investigated. The experiments confirmed that the synthesized Ag-NPs/kaolin composite demonstrated high activity by removing 97 of MB dye.…”

Adsorption and Kinetic Studies of Nickel(II) Ions onto Vermiculite based Ionite

“…Clay minerals are one of the most extensively used classes of sorbents among any of these naturally occurring materials that are capable of absorbing ions [3]. The most important factor in the use of clay minerals is their ease of extraction and naturalness, low cost of production and durability and heat tolerance [4].…”

Development of semi-synthetic catalyst based on clay and their use in catalytic cracking of petroleum residue

“…The activity and selectivity of the FCC catalyst are derived from the acidic sites and the pore structure, respectively. Catalytic catalysts are therefore porous solids with acidic properties [4,18,23]. Commercial FCC catalysts generally consist of two main components: the zeolite and the matrix.…”